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• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time abstract "Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time (University of Chicago Press, 1992) is linguist Johanna Nichols's best known work, pioneering the use of linguistic typology as a tool for understanding human migrations in prehistory.Nichols selects a sample of the world's languages (one per stock) and tabulates typological characteristics such as: Head-marking vs. dependent-marking Morphological complexity Word order Morphosyntactic alignment Valence-changing operations or voice system Presence or absence of distinction between inclusive and exclusive we Presence or absence of distinction between inalienable possession and alienable possession Presence or absence of numerical classifiers Presence or absence of noun classes (such as grammatical gender or animacy) Presence or absence of grammatical number (\"plurality neutralization\" is Nichols's term for absence) Presence or absence of adpositional phrases (\"PP's\" in the book, for prepositional or postpositional phrases) Presence or absence of non-finite verbs (infinitives or verbal nouns)for each language, using this data to discover regional patterns in the distribution of these features.One pattern is spread zones (geographical areas where a language family has spread widely, often repeated with several language families in sequence, like Indo-European and later Turkic languages in central Eurasia) vs. residual zones (areas, often mountainous, where many languages of various families have been preserved, like the Caucasus or New Guinea). For example, head marking is more common in the residual zones, which Nichols suggests is a result of long-term language contact.At the broadest level, Nichols divides the world of languages into three large regions:Old WorldNew World (Indigenous languages of the Americas)\"'Pacific\" (Australian languages and Papuan languages)The Old World is geographically largest, but has the least typological diversity and lowest density of language families, suggesting that repeated spreads from its center have eliminated much diversity which previously existed, especially at the edges of the Africa-Eurasia supercontinent. Surprisingly, typological statistics for African languages are similar to those for the languages of Eurasia, though there has been little spread of languages between the two areas, other than the Afro-Asiatic languages that span both areas.The New World differs considerably from the Old World, with much higher frequencies of head-marking, ergativity and other features. The \"Pacific\" is intermediate on these features. One interpretation is that these patterns resulted from chance; another is that the New World was colonized from a Pacific region which was formerly larger and included unknown archaic languages of coastal East Asia. Based on the latter interpretation, Nichols suggests a relatively early date (pre-Clovis) for the initial peopling of the Americas.Nichols also suggests that change over time in head-marking languages tends to destroy the information needed for the comparative method of reconstructing a protolanguage that is the ancestor to a number of known languages, while dependent-marking languages are more likely to preserve it over time. This would help account for the large number of language families in the Americas and Australasia that are still considered independent, in contrast to the large families of considerable time depth that have been reconstructed in Eurasia and Africa.".
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• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Adpositional_phrase.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Afro-Eurasia.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Afroasiatic_languages.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Animacy.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Australasia.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Australian_Aboriginal_languages.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Category:Human_migration.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Category:Linguistic_typology.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Caucasus.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Clovis_culture.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Clusivity.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Comparative_method_(linguistics).
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Dependent-marking_language.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink East_Asia.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Eurasia.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Grammatical_gender.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Grammatical_number.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Head-marking_language.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Human_migration.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Inalienable_possession.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Indo-European_languages.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Infinitive.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Johanna_Nichols.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Language_family.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Languages_of_Africa.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Linguistic_typology.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Linguistics.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Measure_word.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Morphology_(linguistics).
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Morphosyntactic_alignment.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink New_Guinea.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink New_World.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Nonfinite_verb.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Noun_class.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Old_World.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Pacific_Ocean.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Papuan_languages.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Prehistory.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Proto-language.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Settlement_of_the_Americas.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Turkic_languages.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Chicago_Press.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Valency_(linguistics).
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Verbal_noun.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Voice_(grammar).
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLink Word_order.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wikiPageWikiLinkText "Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time".
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time subject Category:Human_migration.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time subject Category:Linguistic_typology.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time hypernym Nichols.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time type Person.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time type Movement.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time type Redirect.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time comment "Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time (University of Chicago Press, 1992) is linguist Johanna Nichols's best known work, pioneering the use of linguistic typology as a tool for understanding human migrations in prehistory.Nichols selects a sample of the world's languages (one per stock) and tabulates typological characteristics such as: Head-marking vs.".
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time label "Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time".
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time sameAs Q6554018.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time sameAs m.0cmvqr.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time sameAs Q6554018.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time wasDerivedFrom Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time?oldid=695210251.
• Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time isPrimaryTopicOf Linguistic_Diversity_in_Space_and_Time.