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- LORAN abstract "LORAN, short for long range navigation, was a hyperbolic radio navigation system developed in the United States during World War II. It was similar to the UK's Gee system but operated at lower frequencies in order to provide improved range up to 1,500 miles (2,400 km) with accuracy of tens of miles. It was first used for ship convoys crossing the Atlantic Ocean, and then by long-range patrol aircraft, but found its main use on the ships and aircraft operating in the Pacific theatre.LORAN, in its original form, was an expensive system to implement, requiring a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. This limited use to the military and large commercial users. Use was never widespread, and by the time new receivers were available in the 1950s, the same improved electronics led to new systems with higher accuracy. The US Navy began development of Loran-B, which offered accuracy on the order of a few tens of feet, but ran into significant technical problems. The US Air Force had worked on a different concept, known as Cyclan, which the Navy picked up as Loran-C. Loran-C offered longer range than LORAN and accuracy of hundreds of feet. The US Coast Guard took over operations of both systems in 1958.In spite of the dramatically improved performance of Loran-C, LORAN, now known as Loran-A (or \"Standard LORAN\"), would become much more popular during this period. This was due largely to the large numbers of surplus Loran-A units released from the Navy as ships and aircraft replaced their sets with Loran-C. The widespread introduction of inexpensive microelectronics during the 1980s caused Loran-C receivers to drop in price dramatically, and Loran-A use began to rapidly decline. Loran-A was dismantled starting in the 1970s; it remained active in North America until 1980 and the rest of the world until 1985. A Japanese chain remained on the air until 9 May 1997, and a Chinese chain was still listed as active as of 2000.Loran-A used the same frequencies as the amateur radio 160-meter band, and radio operators were under strict rules to operate at reduced power levels; depending on their location and distance to the shore, US operators were limited to maximums of 200 to 500 watts during the day and 50 to 200 watts at night.".
- LORAN thumbnail LORAN_AN-APN-4_receiver_set.jpg?width=300.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink Jansky%20_%20Bailey%201962.pdf.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink LORAN_Volume_1_Index.asp.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink JanskyBailey1959.pdf.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink TheDevelopmentOfLoranCNavigationAndTiming.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink loran_a.html.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink loran_c_history.html.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink APN-9_user.pdf.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink V4.PDF.
- LORAN wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=Ii5IXykdJM4.
- LORAN wikiPageID "42497186".
- LORAN wikiPageLength "38822".
- LORAN wikiPageOutDegree "84".
- LORAN wikiPageRevisionID "707322307".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink 160-meter_band.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink AI_Mk._IV_radar.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeen.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Alaska.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Alfred_Lee_Loomis.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Amateur_radio.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Australians.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Baccaro,_Nova_Scotia.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Backronym.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Battle_Harbour.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Benghazi.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Bizerte.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Bonavista,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Busan.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aeronautical_navigation_systems.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aids_to_navigation.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Category:Radio_navigation.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Cathode_ray_tube.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Chinese_Communist_Revolution.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Dead_reckoning.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Decca_Navigator_System.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Edward_George_Bowen.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Envelope_(waves).
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Faroe_Islands.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Fenwick_Island,_Delaware.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Gee_(navigation).
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Greenland.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Hebrides.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Hertz.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Hyperbolic_navigation.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Iceland.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Ionosphere.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Korean_War.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Loran-C.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Microcontroller.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Microelectronics.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Millisecond.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Montauk,_New_York.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Newfoundland_and_Labrador.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink No._5_Group_RAF.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Nova_Scotia.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Oran.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Pacific_Ocean.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Pacific_War.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Phase_(waves).
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Pulse_repetition_frequency.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink RAF_Bomber_Command.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink RAF_Coastal_Command.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink RAF_Transport_Command.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Radar_display.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Radiation_Laboratory_(MIT).
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Radio_direction_finder.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Radio_navigation.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Raytheon.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Robert_J._Dippy.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Royal_Canadian_Navy.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Shetland.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Springfield,_Missouri.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Station_wagon.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Teetotalism.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Telecommunications_Research_Establishment.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink The_Maritimes.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink Time_base_generator.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Air_Force.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Army_Air_Forces.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Coast_Guard.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Navy.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink File:AN_APN-4_display_in_Consolidated_Canso.png.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink File:Crude_loran_diagram.PNG.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink File:LORAN-A_radio_signal.jpg.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink File:LORAN_AN-APN-4_receiver_set.jpg.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLink File:LORAN_tower_station_on_Sand-Johnston_Island,_1963._(10055191304).jpg.
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN C".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN Transmitting Station".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN radio navigation stations".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN radio-navigation stations".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN#List of LORAN-C transmitters".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN#Transmitters_and_antennas".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN-A".
- LORAN wikiPageWikiLinkText "LORAN-C".