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- John_Glen_Wardrop abstract "John Glen Wardrop (c. 1920 - c. 1989) was an English transport analyst who developed Wardrop's first and second principles of equilibrium. The concepts are related to the idea of Nash equilibrium in game theory developed separately. However, in transportation networks, there are many players, making the analysis complex.In studies about traffic assignment, network equilibrium models are commonly used for the prediction of traffic patterns in transportation networks that are subject to congestion. The idea of traffic equilibrium originated as early as 1924, with Frank Knight.In 1952, Wardrop stated two principles that formalize this notion of equilibrium and introduced the alternative behavior postulate of the minimization of the total travel costs.Wardrop's first principle of route choice, which is identical to the notion postulated by Knight, became accepted as a sound and simple behavioral principle to describe the spreading of trips over alternate routes due to congested conditions. Wardrop's first principle states: The journey times in all routes actually used are equal and less than those which would be experienced by a single vehicle on any unused route. Each user non-cooperatively seeks to minimize his cost of transportation. The traffic flows that satisfy this principle are usually referred to as \"user equilibrium\" (UE) flows, since each user chooses the route that is the best. Specifically, a user-optimized equilibrium is reached when no user may lower his transportation cost through unilateral action.A variant on this is the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE), wherein no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her perceived travel times.Wardrop's second principle states: At equilibrium the average journey time is minimum. This implies that each user behaves cooperatively in choosing his own route to ensure the most efficient use of the whole system. Traffic flows satisfying Wardrop's second principle are generally deemed \"system optimal\" (SO). Economists argue this can be achieved with marginal cost road pricing.The first mathematical model of network equilibrium was formulated by Beckmann, McGuire and Winsten in 1956.".
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageExternalLink art%253A10.1007%252FBF00223043.pdf?auth66=1364670259_f7c94871569c86810edfb586b94f6c39&ext=.pdf.
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- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Category:1920_births.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Category:1989_deaths.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Category:English_economists.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Category:Game_theorists.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Frank_Knight.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Game_theory.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Marginal_cost.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Nash_equilibrium.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Road_pricing.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Route_assignment.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLink Stochastic_user_equilibrium.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLinkText "John Glen Wardrop".
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLinkText "Wardrop equilibrium".
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLinkText "Wardrop".
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageWikiLinkText "Wardrop's first and second principles".
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- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clarify.
- John_Glen_Wardrop wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:UK-economist-stub.
- John_Glen_Wardrop subject Category:1920_births.
- John_Glen_Wardrop subject Category:1989_deaths.
- John_Glen_Wardrop subject Category:English_economists.
- John_Glen_Wardrop subject Category:Game_theorists.
- John_Glen_Wardrop hypernym Analyst.
- John_Glen_Wardrop type Economist.
- John_Glen_Wardrop type Person.
- John_Glen_Wardrop type Economist.
- John_Glen_Wardrop type Mathematician.
- John_Glen_Wardrop comment "John Glen Wardrop (c. 1920 - c. 1989) was an English transport analyst who developed Wardrop's first and second principles of equilibrium. The concepts are related to the idea of Nash equilibrium in game theory developed separately.".
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