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- Initialization_vector abstract "In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) is a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is typically required to be random or pseudorandom. Randomization is crucial for encryption schemes to achieve semantic security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between segments of the encrypted message. For block ciphers, the use of an IV is described by so-called modes of operation. Randomization is also required for other primitives, such as universal hash functions and message authentication codes based thereof.Some cryptographic primitives require the IV only to be non-repeating, and the required randomness is derived internally. In this case, the IV is commonly called a nonce (number used once), and the primitives are described as stateful as opposed to randomized. This is because the IV need not be explicitly forwarded to a recipient but may be derived from a common state updated at both sender and receiver side. (In practice, a short nonce is still transmitted along with the message to consider message loss.) An example of stateful encryption schemes is the counter mode of operation, which uses a sequence number as a nonce.The size of the IV is dependent on the cryptographic primitive used; for block ciphers, it is generally the cipher's block size. Ideally, for encryption schemes, the unpredictable part of the IV has the same size as the key to compensate time/memory/data tradeoff attacks. When the IV is chosen at random, the probability of collisions due to the birthday problem must be taken into account. Traditional stream ciphers such as RC4 do not support an explicit IV as input, and a custom solution for incorporating an IV into the cipher's key or internal state is needed. Some designs realized in practice are known to be insecure; the WEP protocol is a notable example, and is prone to related-IV attacks.".
- Initialization_vector thumbnail Tux_ecb.jpg?width=300.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageID "105971".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageLength "12755".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageOutDegree "62".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageRevisionID "706266589".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Advanced_Encryption_Standard.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Adversary_(cryptography).
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Algorithm.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Authenticated_encryption.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Authentication.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Birthday_problem.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Block_cipher.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Block_cipher_mode_of_operation.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Block_size_(cryptography).
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Category:Block_cipher_modes_of_operation.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Chosen-plaintext_attack.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink CipherSaber.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Ciphertext.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Cryptographic_nonce.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Cryptographic_primitive.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Cryptography.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Determinism.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Encryption.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Entropy_(information_theory).
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Federal_Information_Processing_Standards.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink IEEE_802.11.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Key_(cryptography).
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Message_authentication_code.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Negligible_function.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Packet_injection.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Padding_(cryptography).
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Plaintext.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Pseudorandomness.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink RC4.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Random_seed.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Randomization.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Randomness.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Related-key_attack.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Salt_(cryptography).
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Semantic_security.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Stream_cipher.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink data_tradeoff_attack.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Transmission_Control_Protocol.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Transport_Layer_Security.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Universal_hashing.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink Wired_Equivalent_Privacy.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLink File:Tux_ecb.jpg.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLinkText "IV".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLinkText "Initialization vector".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLinkText "initial vector".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLinkText "initialisation vector".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLinkText "initialization vector".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageWikiLinkText "random seed value".
- Initialization_vector wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cryptography_navbox.
- Initialization_vector wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Initialization_vector subject Category:Block_cipher_modes_of_operation.
- Initialization_vector hypernym Input.
- Initialization_vector type Communication.
- Initialization_vector type Mode.
- Initialization_vector type Redirect.
- Initialization_vector comment "In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) is a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is typically required to be random or pseudorandom. Randomization is crucial for encryption schemes to achieve semantic security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between segments of the encrypted message.".
- Initialization_vector label "Initialization vector".
- Initialization_vector sameAs Q1663550.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Initialisierungsvektor.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Vector_de_inicialización.
- Initialization_vector sameAs بردار_اولیه.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Vecteur_dinitialisation.
- Initialization_vector sameAs וקטור_אתחול.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Vettore_di_inizializzazione.
- Initialization_vector sameAs 初期化ベクトル.
- Initialization_vector sameAs 초기화_벡터.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Inicializacijos_vektorius.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Wektor_inicjujący.
- Initialization_vector sameAs m.0qkkt.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Ініціалізаційний_вектор.
- Initialization_vector sameAs Q1663550.
- Initialization_vector sameAs 初始向量.
- Initialization_vector wasDerivedFrom Initialization_vector?oldid=706266589.
- Initialization_vector depiction Tux_ecb.jpg.
- Initialization_vector isPrimaryTopicOf Initialization_vector.
