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- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication abstract "Hybridization comprises the fusion of country- and culture-specific election campaigning methods with contemporary styles and techniques. Originally deriving from biology, where the term hybridizations denotes the process of combining different varieties of organism to create a hybrid, the term is transferred to the field of political communication when a hybrid election campaign arises. One main aspect of this concept is the emphasis on an international comparative perspective. In Globalization theory the term hybridization means the ongoing blending of cultures, which denotes in political campaign communication also the blending of political cultures.CharacteristicsHybridization in political campaigning is concerned with the diffusion of political communication practices “mediated by cultural factors and accentuated by specific institutional arrangements” and “where country-specific, traditional modes are supplemented with select features of transnationally traded modern practices\"Influence factors An important role in the development of campaign practices plays the political culture in the specific country. This culture finds expression in the relationship between political culture and political communication as organizing framework for comparing political systems The three key dimensions are the relationship between the media and the political system (e.g. regulations for political ads on TV), the norms that define roles and function of media for society (e.g. publishing of delicate private details of candidates) and relationship between citizens and political system (e.g. political fatigue)In the process of hybridization “new technologies and techniques are adapted and blended together with preexisting modes of campaigning” Although the rise of the Internet, for example, lead to a variety of political websites of candidates, the preexisting norm of how personal a candidate is shown in campaign, i.e. whether there are information about the personal life of the candidate or not, remains decisive for the shape of the website.Contextual constraints There are several influence factors which determinate the way of hybridization, which practice is applied and which not. For example there are no candidate debates in Japan because in the culture-specific background there is a norm which stands for less confrontation between the candidates.Institutional arrangements are,e.g., party-specific working methods, cultural traditions include for example the importance of political life and private life of president candidates for the public.Other contextual constraints for campaign styles are illustrated in regulatory frameworks like laws against specific campaigning methods like data mining and the media environment itself like the availability of free air-time on television.Mediating factors in specific countries which influence campaign practices can be characterized as institutional and regulatory factors in three important areas: Electoral system,party system and Mass media|media system.The following table shows the most important factors shaping the way of hybridization:Electoral system Party system Media systemTypes, levels and frequencies of elections Number of parties Dominant type of broadcasting systemElection laws Fragmentation scores Possibility to buy air time on TVCandidate or party vote Party identification TV consumptionPublic vs. private funding of campaigns Party system polarization Daily newspaper reachModus of voter registrationStrength of parties Attitude of journalists towards politicsTable 1:Mediating system factorsThose factors shown in the table interact and shape the way of how the hybridization is practiced in a specific country and the cultural and practices of the existing campaigning culture in that country matter as well.The three top categories Electoral, Party and Media System show in which area the campaign practices are influenced.For example, data privacy protection is a high value in German society and law so the campaign practice of data sourcing is highly frowned upon there.".
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- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Americanization.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Analysis.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Biology.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Category:Election_campaigns.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Data_mining.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Diffusion.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Ecuador.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Endogeny_(biology).
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Globalization.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Representatives_(Japan).
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Hybrid_(biology).
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Hybridisation.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Japan.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Marketing.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Mass_media.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Modernization_theory.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink National_Diet.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Political_campaign.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Political_communication.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Political_culture.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Professionalization.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Public_relations.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Research_strategies_of_election_campaign_communication_research.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Sweden.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Transformation_processes_(media_systems).
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Variable_and_attribute_(research).
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Voting_system.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink Wikt:convergence.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLink File:Evolution_of_theoretical_approaches.png.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLinkText "Hybridization in political election campaign communication".
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLinkText "hybridization theory".
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageWikiLinkText "hybridization".
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication subject Category:Election_campaigns.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication comment "Hybridization comprises the fusion of country- and culture-specific election campaigning methods with contemporary styles and techniques. Originally deriving from biology, where the term hybridizations denotes the process of combining different varieties of organism to create a hybrid, the term is transferred to the field of political communication when a hybrid election campaign arises. One main aspect of this concept is the emphasis on an international comparative perspective.".
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication label "Hybridization in political election campaign communication".
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication sameAs Q5953369.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication sameAs m.0jt0nvq.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication sameAs Q5953369.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication wasDerivedFrom Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication?oldid=629854845.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication depiction Evolution_of_theoretical_approaches.png.
- Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication isPrimaryTopicOf Hybridization_in_political_election_campaign_communication.