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- Hekla_3_eruption abstract "The Hekla 3 eruption (H-3) circa 1000 BCE is considered the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene. It threw about 7.3 km3 of volcanic rock into the atmosphere, placing its Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) at 5. This would have cooled temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere for several years afterwards.An eighteen-year span of global cooling is recorded in Irish bog oaks that has been attributed to H-3. The eruption is detectable in Greenland ice-cores, the bristlecone pine sequence, and the Irish oak sequence of extremely narrow growth rings. Andy Baker's team of researchers dated it to 1021 BCE ±130–100.A \"high chronology\" (earlier) interpretation of the above results is preferred by Baker, based also on growth of stalagmites. In Sutherland, northwest Scotland, a spurt of four years of doubled annual luminescent growth banding of calcite in a stalagmite is datable to 1135 BCE ±130.A rival, \"low-chronology\" interpretation of the eruption has been made by Andrew Dugmore: 2879 BP (929 BCE ±34). In 1999, Dugmore suggested a non-volcanic explanation for the Scottish results. In 2000 skepticism concerning conclusions about connecting Hekla 3 and Hekla 4 (probably 2310 BCE ±20) with paleoenvironmental events and archaeologically attested abandonment of settlement sites in northern Scotland was expressed by John P. Grattan and David D. Gilbertson. Some Egyptologists have firmly dated the eruption to 1159 BCE, and blamed it for famines under Ramesses III during the wider Bronze Age collapse. Dugmore has rebutted this dating. Other scholars have held off on this dispute, preferring the neutral and vague \"3000 BP\".".
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageID "17088661".
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageLength "6134".
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageRevisionID "703013135".
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink 1150s_BC.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Before_Present.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Bog-wood.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Bristlecone_pine.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Calcite.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Category:11th_century_BC.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Category:Iceland_East_Volcanic_Zone.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Category:Volcanic_events.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Category:Volcanism_of_Iceland.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Greenland.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Hekla.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Hekla_4_eruption.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Holocene.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Iceland.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Late_Bronze_Age_collapse.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Hemisphere.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Plinian_eruption.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Ramesses_III.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Stalagmite.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Sutherland.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Volcanic_explosivity_index.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLink Volcanic_rock.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLinkText "Hekla 3 eruption".
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageWikiLinkText "Hekla 3".
- Hekla_3_eruption date "Circa 1000 BCE".
- Hekla_3_eruption impact "5.680368E8".
- Hekla_3_eruption location Iceland.
- Hekla_3_eruption mapCaption "Hekla on the map of Iceland".
- Hekla_3_eruption name "Hekla 3 eruption".
- Hekla_3_eruption type Plinian_eruption.
- Hekla_3_eruption vei "5".
- Hekla_3_eruption volcano Hekla.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_eruption.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Location_map.
- Hekla_3_eruption wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Hekla_3_eruption subject Category:11th_century_BC.
- Hekla_3_eruption subject Category:Iceland_East_Volcanic_Zone.
- Hekla_3_eruption subject Category:Volcanic_events.
- Hekla_3_eruption subject Category:Volcanism_of_Iceland.
- Hekla_3_eruption point "63.983333333333334 -19.7".
- Hekla_3_eruption type Event.
- Hekla_3_eruption type Event.
- Hekla_3_eruption type SpatialThing.
- Hekla_3_eruption comment "The Hekla 3 eruption (H-3) circa 1000 BCE is considered the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene. It threw about 7.3 km3 of volcanic rock into the atmosphere, placing its Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) at 5. This would have cooled temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere for several years afterwards.An eighteen-year span of global cooling is recorded in Irish bog oaks that has been attributed to H-3.".
- Hekla_3_eruption label "Hekla 3 eruption".
- Hekla_3_eruption sameAs Q5701325.
- Hekla_3_eruption sameAs m.0417__m.
- Hekla_3_eruption sameAs Q5701325.
- Hekla_3_eruption lat "63.983333333333334".
- Hekla_3_eruption long "-19.7".
- Hekla_3_eruption wasDerivedFrom Hekla_3_eruption?oldid=703013135.
- Hekla_3_eruption isPrimaryTopicOf Hekla_3_eruption.