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- Greco-Persian_Wars abstract "The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia (modern day Iran) and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek-inhabited region of Ionia in 547 BC. Struggling to rule the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants to rule each of them. This would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and Persians alike.In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, embarked on an expedition to conquer the island of Naxos, with Persian support; however, the expedition was a debacle and, pre-empting his dismissal, Aristagoras incited all of Hellenic Asia Minor into rebellion against the Persians. This was the beginning of the Ionian Revolt, which would last until 493 BC, progressively drawing more regions of Asia Minor into the conflict. Aristagoras secured military support from Athens and Eretria, and in 498 BC these forces helped to capture and burn the Persian regional capital of Sardis. The Persian king Darius the Great vowed to have revenge on Athens and Eretria for this act. The revolt continued, with the two sides effectively stalemated throughout 497–495 BC. In 494 BC, the Persians regrouped, and attacked the epicentre of the revolt in Miletus. At the Battle of Lade, the Ionians suffered a decisive defeat, and the rebellion collapsed, with the final members being stamped out the following year.Seeking to secure his empire from further revolts and from the interference of the mainland Greeks, Darius embarked on a scheme to conquer Greece and to punish Athens and Eretria for the burning of Sardis. The first Persian invasion of Greece began in 492 BC, with the Persian general Mardonius successfully re-subjugating Thrace and conquering Macedon before several mishaps forced an early end to the rest of the campaign. In 490 BC a second force was sent to Greece, this time across the Aegean Sea, under the command of Datis and Artaphernes. This expedition subjugated the Cyclades, before besieging, capturing and razing Eretria. However, while en route to attack Athens, the Persian force was decisively defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon, ending Persian efforts for the time being.Darius then began to plan to completely conquer Greece, but died in 486 BC and responsibility for the conquest passed to his son Xerxes. In 480 BC, Xerxes personally led the second Persian invasion of Greece with one of the largest ancient armies ever assembled. Victory over the Allied Greek states at the famous Battle of Thermopylae allowed the Persians to torch an evacuated Athens and overrun most of Greece. However, while seeking to destroy the combined Greek fleet, the Persians suffered a severe defeat at the Battle of Salamis. The following year, the confederated Greeks went on the offensive, defeating the Persian army at the Battle of Plataea, and ending the invasion of Greece.The allied Greeks followed up their success by destroying the rest of the Persian fleet at the Battle of Mycale, before expelling Persian garrisons from Sestos (479 BC) and Byzantium (478 BC). The actions of the general Pausanias at the siege of Byzantium alienated many of the Greek states from the Spartans, and the anti-Persian alliance was therefore reconstituted around Athenian leadership, as the so-called Delian League. The Delian League continued to campaign against Persia for the next three decades, beginning with the expulsion of the remaining Persian garrisons from Europe. At the Battle of the Eurymedon in 466 BC, the League won a double victory that finally secured freedom for the cities of Ionia. However, the League's involvement in an Egyptian revolt (from 460–454 BC) resulted in a disastrous defeat, and further campaigning was suspended. A fleet was sent to Cyprus in 451 BC, but achieved little, and when it withdrew the Greco-Persian Wars drew to a quiet end. Some historical sources suggest the end of hostilities was marked by a peace treaty between Athens and Persia, the so-called Peace of Callias.".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "*Athens".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "*Other Greek forces".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "*Sparta".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "*Thebes".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "*Thespiae".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "Achaemenid Empire of Persia".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "Cyprus".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "Delian League".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "Greek city-states:".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "Other pro-Greek forces".
- Greco-Persian_Wars combatant "Other pro-Persian forces".
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Artabazos_I_of_Phrygia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Artaphernes.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Artaphernes_(son_of_Artaphernes).
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Artemisia_I_of_Caria.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Cimon.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Datis.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Hydarnes_II.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Leonidas_I.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Mardonius.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Megabyzus.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Miltiades.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Pausanias_(general).
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Pericles.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Themistocles.
- Greco-Persian_Wars commander Xerxes_I.
- Greco-Persian_Wars place Aegean_Islands.
- Greco-Persian_Wars place Anatolia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars place Ancient_Egypt.
- Greco-Persian_Wars place Cyprus.
- Greco-Persian_Wars place Greece.
- Greco-Persian_Wars place Thrace.
- Greco-Persian_Wars result "Greek victory".
- Greco-Persian_Wars territory Ionia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars territory Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom).
- Greco-Persian_Wars territory Thrace.
- Greco-Persian_Wars thumbnail Greek-Persian_duel.jpg?width=300.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageExternalLink persian_wars1.php.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageExternalLink The+Graeco-Persian+Wars+Compared.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageExternalLink view_lesson_plan.asp?id=735.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageExternalLink print_article.php?e=B&f=13917&m=Y08&aa=1.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageID "327628".
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageLength "86018".
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageOutDegree "345".
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageRevisionID "706513033".
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Abydos_(Hellespont).
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Achaemenid_Empire.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Acropolis.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aegean_Islands.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aegean_Sea.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aegina.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aeolians.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aeolis.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Agesilaus_II.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Alcmaeonidae.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aleuadae.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_I_of_Macedon.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Alyattes_of_Lydia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Anabasis_(Xenophon).
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Anatolia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Egypt.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greece.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_history_of_Cyprus.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Argos.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aristagoras.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aristides.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artabazos_I_of_Phrygia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artaphernes.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artaphernes_(son_of_Artaphernes).
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artaxerxes_II_of_Persia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artayctes.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artemisia_I_of_Caria.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Artemisium.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Aspis.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Astyages.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Attica.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Babylonia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Lade.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Marathon.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Mycale.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Plataea.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Salamis.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Thermopylae.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Eurymedon.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Bibliotheca_historica.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Boeotia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Bosphorus.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Byzantine_Empire.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Byzantium.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Callias_II.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Callisthenes.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Cappadocia.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Cardia_(Thrace).
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Caria.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Carnea.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Category:5th-century_BC_conflicts.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Category:5th_century_BC_in_Europe.
- Greco-Persian_Wars wikiPageWikiLink Category:Greco-Persian_Wars.