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- Drought_in_Canada abstract "Prolonged, large-area droughts are among Canada’s costliest natural disasters having major impacts on a wide range of sectors including agriculture, forestry, industry, municipalities, recreation, human health, society and ecosystems. They frequently stress water availability by depleting soil moisture, reducing stream flows, lowering lake and reservoir levels, and diminishing groundwater supplies. This ultimately affects several economic activities including for example, decreased agricultural production, less hydro-electric power generation, and increased freshwater transportation costs. Droughts also create major environmental hazards such as reduced water quality, wetland loss, soil erosion and degradation, and ecological habitat destruction.Although most regions of Canada have experienced drought, many of the southern regions of the Canadian Prairies and interior British Columbia are most susceptible. During the past two centuries, at least 40 droughts have occurred in western Canada with multi-year episodes being observed in the 1890s, 1910s, 1930s, 1960s, 1980s, and the early 2000s. Droughts in southern Ontario/Quebec are usually shorter, smaller in area, less frequent, and less intense. Nonetheless, there have been some major drought occurrences there as well during the 20th century. Droughts in the Atlantic Provinces occur even less frequently. Droughts are less of a concern for northern Canada mainly due to their lower population densities. However, increased frequencies of forest fires during drought years can have serious economic impacts.Rarely has drought been as serious or extensive as the recent 1999-2004 episode. This was the worst drought for at least a hundred years in parts of the Canadian Prairies. Well below normal precipitation was reported in areas of Alberta and Saskatchewan for more than four consecutive years extending from autumn 1999 to spring 2004. No single year on record between Medicine Hat, Kindersley, and Saskatoon was drier than in 2001. The years 2001 and 2002 may have also brought the first coast-to-coast droughts on record, and were rare as they struck areas less accustomed to dealing with droughts including parts of Atlantic Canada and the northern agricultural prairies (see Figure 1). Canada’s Gross Domestic Product fell $5.8 billion for 2001 and 2002. In addition, previously reliable water supplies such as streams, wetlands, reservoirs, and groundwater were placed under stress and often failed. For example, the number of natural Prairie ponds in May 2002 was the lowest on record while in 2001, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence water levels plunged to their lowest point in more than 30 years, thereby significantly increasing marine transportation costs. In British Columbia and Manitoba, hydro-electric generation was curtailed, necessitating additional purchases of power from neighboring jurisdictions. In 2002, the incidence of forest fires in Alberta increased to five times the ten-year average while in summer 2003, populated regions of interior British Columbia were stricken by drought-enhanced fires. Long-lasting impacts include soil degradation by wind erosion and deterioration of grasslands that could take decades and longer to recover.High surface temperatures intensify droughts by enhancing evapotranspiration in summer, and increasing sublimation and melting of the snowpack during winter. During the 20th Century, mean annual air temperature has increased by around 1 °C over southern Canada with the greatest warming in the west and the largest rates during winter and spring. Over the same period, annual precipitation has significantly increased over most of southern Canada with the exception of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Coincident with the large increases in spring temperature, the 1980s to the present have been associated with rapid reductions in snow cover during the second half of the snow season. Over the last 30 to 50 years, average stream flow has decreased in many parts of Canada with significant reductions in the south. Great Lakes’ water levels have shown substantial variability during the 20th century with no evidence of a long-term trend. Lower levels coincided with the droughts of the 1930s, early 1960s, and the recent 1999-2001 dry period. Over the Prairies, the numbers and water levels of wetlands have shown no clear trend over the last 40 to 50 years.Indices used to measure drought show considerable decadal-scale variability with no long-term trends discernible in any portion of the country. Most southern regions of Canada, however, experienced drought conditions during the late 1990s to early 2000s. The worst and most prolonged Canadian Prairie-wide droughts during the instrumental period occurred in the early part of the 20th Century (1920s and 1930s). Paleo studies over the southwestern Canadian Prairies using tree ring chronologies dating back to 1597 indicate that the 20th Century lacked the prolonged droughts of the 18th and 19th Centuries when droughts were evident for decades at a time.".
- Drought_in_Canada thumbnail Canadian_Precipitation_Anomalies_2002.jpg?width=300.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageExternalLink article_e.htm.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageExternalLink default.asp?lang=En&n=0CD66675-1&offset=8&toc=show.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageExternalLink nadm.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageExternalLink index_e.html.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageID "23478113".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageLength "17357".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageOutDegree "92".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageRevisionID "674414791".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture_and_Agri-Food_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Alberta.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_circulation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Block_(meteorology).
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink British_Columbia.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink British_Columbia_Interior.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Prairies.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Category:Climate_of_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Category:Droughts_in_North_America.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Category:Water_in_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Climate.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Climate_change.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Climate_model.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Dendrochronology.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Deterministic_forecasting.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Drought.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Drought_Research_Initiative.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Drought_indices.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Ecosystem.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink El_Niño.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Evapotranspiration.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Forestry.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Gross_domestic_product.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Groundwater.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Growing_season.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Health.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Hydroelectricity.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Ice.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Industry.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Instrumental_temperature_record.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Irrigation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Kindersley.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink La_Niña.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Long_range_weather_forecasts.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Manitoba.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Medicine_Hat.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Municipality.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Near_space.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink North_Atlantic_oscillation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Pacific_decadal_oscillation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Paleoclimatology.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Precipitation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Probabilistic_forecasting.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Recreation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Ridge_(meteorology).
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Saskatchewan.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Saskatoon.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Sea_surface_temperature.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Snow.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Snowpack.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Society.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Soil.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Soil_conservation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Soil_erosion.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Soil_retrogression_and_degradation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Storm_track.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Streamflow.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Sublimation_(phase_transition).
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Surface_runoff.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Teleconnection.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Water_conservation.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Water_quality.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink Wetland.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink File:Canadian_Annual_PDSI_Timeseries.jpg.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLink File:Canadian_Precipitation_Anomalies_2002.jpg.
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLinkText "Canada-wide droughts".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLinkText "Canadian Prairies".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageWikiLinkText "Canadian drought".
- Drought_in_Canada wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:North_America_topic.
- Drought_in_Canada subject Category:Climate_of_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada subject Category:Droughts_in_North_America.
- Drought_in_Canada subject Category:Water_in_Canada.
- Drought_in_Canada type Event.
- Drought_in_Canada type Event.
- Drought_in_Canada comment "Prolonged, large-area droughts are among Canada’s costliest natural disasters having major impacts on a wide range of sectors including agriculture, forestry, industry, municipalities, recreation, human health, society and ecosystems. They frequently stress water availability by depleting soil moisture, reducing stream flows, lowering lake and reservoir levels, and diminishing groundwater supplies.".
- Drought_in_Canada label "Drought in Canada".
- Drought_in_Canada sameAs Q5308636.
- Drought_in_Canada sameAs m.0117bk8v.
- Drought_in_Canada sameAs Q5308636.
- Drought_in_Canada wasDerivedFrom Drought_in_Canada?oldid=674414791.
- Drought_in_Canada depiction Canadian_Precipitation_Anomalies_2002.jpg.
- Drought_in_Canada isPrimaryTopicOf Drought_in_Canada.