Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Desegregation_busing> ?p ?o }
- Desegregation_busing abstract "Desegregation busing in the United States (also known as forced busing or simply busing) is the practice of assigning and transporting students to schools in such a manner as to redress prior racial segregation of schools, or to overcome the effects of residential segregation on local school demographics.In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The process of integrating public schools met fierce resistance in the South where segregation laws took hold after the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era of the United States. In Northern and Western states, de facto segregation was the customary practice. Due to patterns of residential segregation, a principal tool for racial integration was the use of busing. In the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts had the discretion to include busing as a desegregation tool to achieve racial balance. While the Swann decision addressed de jure segregation in the South, it failed to address de facto segregation which persisted elsewhere in the country. In Georgia, Governor Jimmy Carter saw that Swann was \"clearly a one-sided decision; the Court is still talking about the South, the North is still going free\". In the 1974 Milliken v. Bradley decision, the U.S. Supreme Court placed an important limitation on Swann when they ruled that students could be bused across district lines only when evidence of de jure segregation across multiple school districts existed.In the 1970s and 1980s, under federal court supervision, many school districts implemented mandatory busing plans within their district. A few of these plans are still in use today. An example of stiff resistance to desegregation busing was the Restore Our Alienated Rights movement in Boston.Since the 1980s, desegregation busing has been in decline. Even though school districts provided zero-fare bus transportation to and from students' assigned schools, those schools were in some cases many miles away from students' homes, which often presented problems to them and their families. In addition, many families were angry about having to send their children miles to another school in an unfamiliar neighborhood when there was an available school a short distance away. The movement of large numbers of white families to suburbs of large cities, so-called white flight, reduced the effectiveness of the policy. Many whites who stayed moved their children into private or parochial schools; these effects combined to make many urban school districts predominantly nonwhite, reducing any effectiveness mandatory busing may have had. In addition, school districts started using magnet schools, new school construction, and more detailed computer-generated information to refine their school assignment plans.Due to these efforts and the fact that housing patterns had changed, by the early 1990s, most school districts had been released from court supervision and ceased using mandatory busing to try to desegregate schools. However, many continued to provide a similar level of school bus services, because families had become accustomed to the transportation and to the school choice available in recent assignment programs.".
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- Desegregation_busing wikiPageExternalLink DelawareEducationandDesegregation.htm.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageExternalLink 1302.pdf.
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- Desegregation_busing wikiPageExternalLink www.digitalcommonwealth.org.
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- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink 60_Minutes.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68).
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_in_Omaha,_Nebraska.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink African-American_neighborhood.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink American_Civil_War.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Annette_Polly_Williams.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Belk_v._Charlotte-Mecklenburg_Board_of_Education.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Ben_Bradlee.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Birch_Bayh.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Boston.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Brandywine_School_District.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Brown_v._Board_of_Education.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Burger_Court.
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- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Cab_Calloway_School_of_the_Arts.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Education_issues.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_African-American_civil_rights.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Race_and_education_in_the_United_States.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Category:School_segregation_in_the_United_States.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Student_transport.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Charlotte,_North_Carolina.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Charlotte-Mecklenburg_Schools.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Charter_School_of_Wilmington.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Chesterfield_County,_Virginia.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Christina_School_District.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Clark_County_School_District.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Cleveland.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Clinton_High_School_(Clinton,_Tennessee).
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Colonial_School_District_(Delaware).
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Columbus,_Ohio.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Common_Ground_(book).
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Davidson_County,_Tennessee.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink DeKalb_County,_Georgia.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Detroit.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Donald_M._Fraser.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Earl_Warren.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Emanuel_Celler.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Equal_Protection_Clause.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Eric_Hanushek.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Ernie_Chambers.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Evans_v._Buchanan.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Executive_(government).
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Free_public_transport.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Gallup_(company).
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Gary_Orfield.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Gebhart_v._Belton.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink George_McGovern.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink George_W._Bush.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Green_v._County_School_Board_of_New_Kent_County.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Harvard_University.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Henrico_County,_Virginia.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Hubert_Humphrey.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Inner_city.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink J._Anthony_Lukas.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Jacob_K._Javits.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink James_Samuel_Coleman.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Jefferson_County,_Kentucky.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Jim_Crow_laws.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Jimmy_Carter.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Joint_and_several_liability.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Jonathan_Kozol.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Julian_Carroll.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Kansas_City,_Missouri.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Kansas_City_Public_Schools.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Kentucky.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Kentucky_National_Guard.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Kindergarten.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Legislature.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Leland_Clure_Morton.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Lewis_F._Powell,_Jr..
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Louisville,_Kentucky.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Lyndon_B._Johnson.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Magnet_school.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Metropolitan_Nashville_Public_Schools.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Michael_R._White.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Milliken_v._Bradley.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Morgan_v._Hennigan.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink NPR.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink Nashville,_Tennessee.
- Desegregation_busing wikiPageWikiLink National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People.