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- Cooper_pair abstract "In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper. Cooper showed that an arbitrarily small attraction between electrons in a metal can cause a paired state of electrons to have a lower energy than the Fermi energy, which implies that the pair is bound. In conventional superconductors, this attraction is due to the electron–phonon interaction. The Cooper pair state is responsible for superconductivity, as described in the BCS theory developed by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer for which they shared the 1972 Nobel Prize.Although Cooper pairing is a quantum effect, the reason for the pairing can be seen from a simplified classical explanation. An electron in a metal normally behaves as a free particle. The electron is repelled from other electrons due to their negative charge, but it also attracts the positive ions that make up the rigid lattice of the metal. This attraction distorts the ion lattice, moving the ions slightly toward the electron, increasing the positive charge density of the lattice in the vicinity. This positive charge can attract other electrons. At long distances, this attraction between electrons due to the displaced ions can overcome the electrons' repulsion due to their negative charge, and cause them to pair up. The rigorous quantum mechanical explanation shows that the effect is due to electron–phonon interactions.The energy of the pairing interaction is quite weak, of the order of 10−3 eV, and thermal energy can easily break the pairs. So only at low temperatures, in metal and other substrates, are a significant number of the electrons in Cooper pairs. The electrons in a pair are not necessarily close together; because the interaction is long range, paired electrons may still be many hundreds of nanometers apart. This distance is usually greater than the average interelectron distance, so many Cooper pairs can occupy the same space. Electrons have spin-1⁄2, so they are fermions, but a Cooper pair is a composite boson as its total spin is integer (0 or 1). This means the wave functions are symmetric under particle interchange, and they are allowed to be in the same state. The BCS theory is also applicable to other fermion systems, such as helium-3. Indeed, Cooper pairing is responsible for the superfluidity of helium-3 at low temperatures. It has also been recently demonstrated that a Cooper pair can comprise two bosons. Here, the pairing is supported by entanglement in an optical lattice.".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageID "376845".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageLength "7368".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageOutDegree "40".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageRevisionID "705474859".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink BCS_theory.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Bose–Einstein_condensate.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Boson.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Category:Charge_carriers.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Category:Concepts_in_physics.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Category:Quantum_phases.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Category:Spintronics.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Category:Superconductivity.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Category:Superconductors.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Charge_(physics).
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Color–flavor_locking.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Condensed_matter_physics.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Electron_pair.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Electronvolt.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Exciton.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_energy.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Fermion.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Ground_state.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Helium-3.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Isotope.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink John_Bardeen.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink John_Robert_Schrieffer.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Leon_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Lone_pair.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Nanometre.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Nobel_Prize.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Phonon.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Plasmon.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Spin-½.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Superconductivity.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Superfluidity.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLink Superinsulator.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cooper Pair".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cooper electron-pair".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cooper pair".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cooper pairing".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cooper pairs".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cooper-pairs".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageWikiLinkText "pairs of electrons".
- Cooper_pair wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Frac.
- Cooper_pair wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Cooper_pair subject Category:Charge_carriers.
- Cooper_pair subject Category:Concepts_in_physics.
- Cooper_pair subject Category:Quantum_phases.
- Cooper_pair subject Category:Spintronics.
- Cooper_pair subject Category:Superconductivity.
- Cooper_pair subject Category:Superconductors.
- Cooper_pair hypernym Pair.
- Cooper_pair type Place.
- Cooper_pair type Concept.
- Cooper_pair type Mechanic.
- Cooper_pair type Physic.
- Cooper_pair type Redirect.
- Cooper_pair type Semiconductor.
- Cooper_pair type Substance.
- Cooper_pair type Superconductor.
- Cooper_pair comment "In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper. Cooper showed that an arbitrarily small attraction between electrons in a metal can cause a paired state of electrons to have a lower energy than the Fermi energy, which implies that the pair is bound.".
- Cooper_pair label "Cooper pair".
- Cooper_pair sameAs Q620057.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Parell_de_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooperův_pár.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooper-Paar.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Par_de_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair sameAs جفت_کوپر.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooperin_pari.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Paire_de_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair sameAs זוג_קופר.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooper-pár.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Coppia_di_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair sameAs 쿠퍼_쌍.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Kūperio_pora.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Pasangan_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooperpaar.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooper-par.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Para_Coopera.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Par_de_Cooper.
- Cooper_pair sameAs m.02134s.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Куперовская_пара.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Куперови_парови.
- Cooper_pair sameAs คู่คูเปอร์.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Cooper_çifti.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Куперівська_пара.
- Cooper_pair sameAs Q620057.
- Cooper_pair sameAs 庫柏對.
- Cooper_pair wasDerivedFrom Cooper_pair?oldid=705474859.
- Cooper_pair isPrimaryTopicOf Cooper_pair.