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- Communications_Clique abstract "The Communications Clique (Chinese: 交通系; pinyin: jiaotongxi) was a powerful interest group of politicians, bureaucrats, technocrats, businessmen, engineers, and labour unionists in China's Beiyang government (1912-1928). It is also known as the Cantonese Clique because many of its leaders hailed from Guangdong. They were named after the Ministry of Posts and Communications which was responsible for railways, postal delivery, shipping, and telephones as well as the Bank of Communications. This ministry earned five times more revenue for the government than all the other ministries combined. The clique was founded by Tang Shaoyi but it was led by Liang Shiyi throughout most of its existence. They were instrumental in the rise of Yuan Shikai in the late Qing and early republican period. Because they were Yuan's biggest supporters of his attempt to restore the monarchy, their leaders were forced to flee the country when President Li Yuanhong ordered their arrest. In their absence, the New Communications Clique (1916-1919) was formed by Cao Rulin. President Feng Guozhang vacated these arrest warrants in early 1918, allowing Liang and Zhou Ziqi to return. Within a few months, the old clique became powerful enough to run as a quasi-political party in the National Assembly on a platform of modernization. It was a distant second compared to Duan Qirui's Anfu Club. Together with the Research Clique, they used political maneuvering to deny Cao Kun the vice-presidency, Cao ended up blaming Duan for his loss. Cao Rulin's conduct during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference caused the May Fourth Movement which led to his downfall and the collapse of this rival \"new\" clique. Liang became premier in 1921 after Jin Yunpeng was forced to resign by Zhang Zuolin. Wu Peifu removed Liang from his month-long premiership because he suspected Liang gave concessions to the Japanese during the Washington Naval Conference, Liang denied the allegations. Zhang Zuolin opposed the removal and that sparked the First Zhili-Fengtian War. For a very brief period after the war, Zhou Ziqi was acting President of the Republic of China. Zhou left politics after complaining of Zhili Clique domination. The clique was dissolved during the Northern Expedition. What they once controlled was given to powerful Nationalist businessmen like T.V. Soong and H.H. Kung.The clique supported training programs and better working conditions for its rail workers. They even supported their strikes against local warlords. They were friendly to the Fengtian clique (half of the country's railroads were in Manchuria) and hostile to the Anhui and Zhili cliques. Their control of the railways threatened the logistics of warlords that opposed them. In 1923, Wu Peifu attempted to wrest control of the Hankou-Beijing railway by inviting Communists to defect their workers but it succeeded too well and the Communists began agitating against Wu. He responded violently leading to 35 deaths and many injuries which only served to advertise the little-known and nascent Communist Party.".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageID "14120397".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageLength "3546".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageOutDegree "40".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageRevisionID "623139966".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Advocacy_group.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Anhui_clique.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Bank_of_Communications.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Beijing–Hankou_Railway.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Beiyang_government.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Cao_Kun.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Cao_Rulin.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Category:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Communist_Party_of_China.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Duan_Qirui.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Feng_Guozhang.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Fengtian_clique.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink First_Zhili–Fengtian_War.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Guangdong.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink H._H._Kung.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink History_of_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Jin_Yunpeng.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Kuomintang.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Li_Yuanhong.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Liang_Shiyi.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Manchuria.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink May_Fourth_Movement.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Ministry_of_Posts_and_Communications.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China).
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Expedition.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink President_of_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Progressive_Party_(China).
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Qing_dynasty.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink T._V._Soong.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Tang_Shaoyi.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Warlord_Era.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Washington_Naval_Conference.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Wu_Peifu.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Yuan_Shikai.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Zhang_Zuolin.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Zhili_clique.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLink Zhou_Ziqi.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLinkText "Communications Clique".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLinkText "Communications clique".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageWikiLinkText "Old Communications Clique".
- Communications_Clique c "交通系".
- Communications_Clique p "jiaotongxi".
- Communications_Clique wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Warlord_era.
- Communications_Clique wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Zh.
- Communications_Clique subject Category:History_of_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique subject Category:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_China.
- Communications_Clique hypernym Group.
- Communications_Clique type Band.
- Communications_Clique type PoliticalParty.
- Communications_Clique comment "The Communications Clique (Chinese: 交通系; pinyin: jiaotongxi) was a powerful interest group of politicians, bureaucrats, technocrats, businessmen, engineers, and labour unionists in China's Beiyang government (1912-1928). It is also known as the Cantonese Clique because many of its leaders hailed from Guangdong. They were named after the Ministry of Posts and Communications which was responsible for railways, postal delivery, shipping, and telephones as well as the Bank of Communications.".
- Communications_Clique label "Communications Clique".
- Communications_Clique sameAs Q5154164.
- Communications_Clique sameAs Camarilla_de_las_comunicaciones.
- Communications_Clique sameAs Clique_des_Communications.
- Communications_Clique sameAs 交通系.
- Communications_Clique sameAs m.03cv6jd.
- Communications_Clique sameAs Q5154164.
- Communications_Clique sameAs 交通系.
- Communications_Clique wasDerivedFrom Communications_Clique?oldid=623139966.
- Communications_Clique isPrimaryTopicOf Communications_Clique.