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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany abstract "Catholic resistance to Nazism was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II. The Church in Germany had spoken against the rise of Nazism, but the Catholic aligned Centre Party capitulated and was banned in 1933. After the Nazi seizure of power, the Church attempted to cooperate with the new government, but Catholics soon faced persecution under Hitler, and were offended by moves such as the sterilization law of 1933. The Church challenged efforts to undermine various Christian institutions, practices and beliefs and though it ultimately failed to protect its youth organizations and schools, it did have some successes in mobilizing public opinion to alter some government policies. Among the most courageous demonstrations of opposition were the 1941 sermons of Bishop August von Galen of Münster. Nevertheless, wrote Alan Bullock \"[n]either the Catholic Church nor the Evangelical Church... as institutions, felt it possible to take up an attitude of open opposition to the regime\".An estimated one-third of German priests faced some form of reprisal from the authorities. Thousands of Catholic dissidents of all hierarchical ranks were sent to concentration camps. 400 Germans were among the 2,579 Catholic priests imprisoned in the dedicated clergy barracks at Dachau. Many ordinary German Catholics offered at least passive acquiescence in, if not active support for, the Nazi dictatorship. Head of the German Bishops' Conference Adolf Bertram generally sought to avoid confrontation, but the activities of bishops such as Preysing, Frings and Galen came to form a coherent, systematic critique of aspects of Nazism. Bishop Galen led protests against \"euthanasia\". Catholic notions of natural law heavily influenced the outlook of the German Resistance and religious motives inspired the actions of lay leaders of the movement, including the July Plot leader Claus von Stauffenberg, Caritas activists Gertrud Luckner and Margarete Sommer, Catholic Action leader Erich Klausener and Catholic Youth leader Adalbert Probst, who were among the Catholic leaders who died for challenging the regime.Papal protest against Nazism included the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge. The Church faced severe persecution in Poland, where Catholicism was integral to much Polish resistance. The Church was similarly persecuted in the annexed Czech, Austrian and Slovene regions, yet in the small Nazi puppet states of Slovakia and Croatia, nationalist churchmen collaborated with the Fascists, though here too there was Catholic resistance. Catholic resistance was \"armed\" in the case of partisans like the Italian Fiamme Verdi guerrilla campaigns. Catholic resistance to mistreatment of Jews in Germany was generally limited to fragmented and largely individual efforts.Anti-Judaism on religious grounds had a long history in Catholicism, but where Nazi ideology preached of a \"master race\", Catholicism preached instead the \"unity of the human race\". Jewish historian Sir Martin Gilbert wrote that, in every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews. Michael Phayer estimates that \"Rescuers and perpetrators were but a slight minority of Europe's Catholic population\" during the Holocaust. Among the notable Catholic networks to rescue Jews and others from Nazi death camps were Hugh O'Flaherty's \"Rome Escape Line\", the Assisi Network and Poland's Zegota. Bishops such as the Netherlands' Johannes de Jong, Belgium's Jozef-Ernest van Roey and France's Jules-Géraud Saliège issued major denunciations of Nazi treatment of the Jews. Papal diplomats such as Angelo Roncalli, Andrea Cassulo, Filippo Bernardini and Angelo Rotta engaged in vigorous diplomatic lobbying and clandestine activities. Convents also played a significant role under the leadership of nuns like Margit Slachta and Matylda Getter.".
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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink 108_Martyrs_of_World_War_II.
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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Adolf_Hitlers_rise_to_power.
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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Agnes_Walsh.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Alan_Bullock.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Stohr.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Aldo_Brunacci.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Schmorell.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Alfred_Delp.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Alfred_Rosenberg.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Aloysius_Stepinac.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Andrea_Cassulo.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Andreas_Hermes.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Andrija_Artuković.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Angelo_Rotta.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Anna_Borkowska_(Sister_Bertranda).
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Anschluss.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Ante_Pavelić.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Anti-Judaism.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Anton_Gill.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Antoni_Chruściel.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Antonio_Torrini.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Antonius_Hilfrich.
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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Archbishop_of_Cologne.
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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Augustin_Rösch.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Auschwitz_concentration_camp.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Azione_Cattolica.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Barmen_Declaration.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Bavarian_Peoples_Party.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Beatification.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Beer_Hall_Putsch.
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- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Benito_Mussolini.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Bernhard_Letterhaus.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Bernhard_Lichtenberg.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Bohemia.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Boris_III_of_Bulgaria.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Brigate_Fiamme_Verdi.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Caritas_International.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Friedrich_Goerdeler.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Muth.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Castel_Gandolfo.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Catholic_saints_and_blesseds_of_the_Nazi_era.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Catholicism-related_controversies.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Category:World_War_II_resistance_movements.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Action.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Centre_Party_(Germany).
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Cesare_Orsenigo.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Charles_de_Gaulle.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Christian_Democracy_(Italy).
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Christoph_Probst.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Church_of_Denmark.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Church_of_Norway.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Claus_von_Stauffenberg.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Comité_de_Défense_des_Juifs.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Confessing_Church.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Conrad_Gröber.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Cross_of_Lorraine.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Czech_lands.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink DArcy_Osborne,_12th_Duke_of_Leeds.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink DELASEM.
- Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany wikiPageWikiLink Dachau_concentration_camp.