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- Carolyn_Merchant abstract "Carolyn Merchant (born 1936 in Rochester, New York) is an American ecofeminist philosopher and historian of science most famous for her theory (and book of the same title) on 'The Death of Nature', whereby she identifies the Enlightenment as the period when science began to atomize, objectify and dissect nature, foretelling its eventual conception as inert. Her works were important in the development of environmental history and the history of science. She is Professor of Environmental History, Philosophy, and Ethics at UC Berkeley.She writes, \"The female earth was central to organic cosmology that was undermined by the Scientific Revolution and the rise of a market-oriented culture...for sixteenth-century Europeans the root metaphor binding together the self, society and the cosmos was that of an organism...organismic theory emphasized interdependence among the parts of the human body, subordination of individual to communal purposes in family, community, and state, and vital life permeate the cosmos to the lowliest stone.\" (Merchant, The Death of Nature, 1980: 278)Merchant tells us that prior to the Enlightenment, Nature was conceived of as the benevolent mother of all things, albeit sometimes wild. This metaphor was to gradually be replaced by the 'dominion' model as the Scientific Revolution rationalized and dissected nature to show all her secrets. As nature revealed her secrets, so too she was able to be controlled. Both this intention and the metaphor of 'nature unveiled' is still prevalent in scientific language. Conceptions of the Earth as nurturing bringer of life began slowly to change to one of a resource to be exploited as science became more and more confident that human minds could know all there was about the natural world and thereby effect changes on it at will. Merchant cites Francis Bacon's use of female metaphors to describe the exploitation of nature at this time was telling: \"she is either free,...or driven out of her ordinary course by the perverseness, insolence and forwardness of matter and violence of impediments...or she is put in constraint, molded and made as it were new by art and the hand of man; as in things artificial...nature takes orders from man and works under his authority\" (Bacon in Merchant 1990: 282). Nature must be \"bound into service\" and made a slave to the human ends of regaining our dominion over nature lost in the 'fall from grace' in Eden.In combination with increasing industrialization and the rise of capitalism that simultaneously replaced women's work like weaving with machinery, and subsumed their roles as subsistence agriculturists also drove people to live in cities, further removing them from nature and the effects of industrialised production on it. The combined effects of industrialization, scientific exploration of nature and the ascendancy of the dominion/domination metaphor over the nurturing Mother Earth one, according to Merchant, can still be felt in social and political thought, as much as it was evident in the art, philosophy and science of the 16th century.".
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- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Age_of_Enlightenment.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Capitalism.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:1936_births.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_activists.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ecofeminists.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:Environmental_historians.
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- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:Guggenheim_Fellows.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:Historians_of_science.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:Living_people.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Rochester,_New_York.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Cosmology.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Cosmos.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Debora_Hammond.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Earth.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Ecofeminism.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Environmental_history.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Family.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Francis_Bacon.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Georgius_Agricola.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink History_of_science.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Industrialisation.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink John_Muir.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink List_of_ecofeminist_authors.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Market_(economics).
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink New_York.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Organism.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Organismic_theory.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Philosophy.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Rochester,_New_York.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Science.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Scientific_revolution.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Society.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink State_(polity).
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink University_of_California,_Berkeley.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLink Weaving.
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLinkText "Carolyn Merchant".
- Carolyn_Merchant wikiPageWikiLinkText "Merchant, Carolyn".
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- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:1936_births.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:American_activists.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Ecofeminists.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Environmental_historians.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Feminist_studies_scholars.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Green_thinkers.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Guggenheim_Fellows.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Historians_of_science.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:Living_people.
- Carolyn_Merchant subject Category:People_from_Rochester,_New_York.
- Carolyn_Merchant hypernym Philosopher.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Historian.
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- Carolyn_Merchant type Person.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Philosopher.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Scientist.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Writer.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Activist.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Environmentalist.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Feminist.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Historian.
- Carolyn_Merchant type List.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Philosopher.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Scholar.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Scientist.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Writer.
- Carolyn_Merchant type Thing.
- Carolyn_Merchant comment "Carolyn Merchant (born 1936 in Rochester, New York) is an American ecofeminist philosopher and historian of science most famous for her theory (and book of the same title) on 'The Death of Nature', whereby she identifies the Enlightenment as the period when science began to atomize, objectify and dissect nature, foretelling its eventual conception as inert. Her works were important in the development of environmental history and the history of science.".
- Carolyn_Merchant label "Carolyn Merchant".
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- Carolyn_Merchant sameAs Carolyn_Merchant.
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- Carolyn_Merchant wasDerivedFrom Carolyn_Merchant?oldid=702867510.
- Carolyn_Merchant isPrimaryTopicOf Carolyn_Merchant.