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- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale abstract "The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale was a series of engagements between the Cuban-backed Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA), and the South African Defence Force (SADF), as well as guerrillas of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) near the important town of Cuito Cuanavale during the Angolan Civil War. FAPLA was initially deployed to eliminate the UNITA positions at Jamba and Mavinga, where the rebels had established their primary operating bases. Following a number of failed attempts to take the settlements in 1986, eight FAPLA brigades mustered for a final offensive—Operação Saludando Octubre—in August 1987 with extensive auxiliary support from one of Angola's closest military allies, the Soviet Union. They were joined by a number of Cuban armoured and motorised units, who had become more directly committed to the fighting for the first time during Havana's lengthy intervention in the civil war. Soviet weapons deliveries to FAPLA were also accelerated, including over a hundred T-62 tanks and strike aircraft seconded from the Warsaw Pact's strategic reserve.South Africa, which shared a common border with Angola through South-West Africa, was then determined to prevent FAPLA from gaining control of Jamba and allowing insurgents of the Marxist South West African People's Organization to operate in the region. Saludando Octubre prompted the South African military to underpin the defence of Jamba and launch Operation Moduler with the objective of stopping FAPLA's offensive. The Angolan government and its Soviet advisory personnel had failed to make contingency plans for South African intervention, despite advance warnings from Umkhonto we Sizwe of an imminent SADF counterattack.The campaign which followed culminated in the largest battle on African soil since World War II, and according to some accounts, the second largest clash of African armed forces in history. FAPLA was poorly disciplined yet well equipped, and Cuban air power proved to be a decisive advantage over the SADF. Nevertheless, the advancing FAPLA forces were frequently encircled and destroyed in running clashes with the much nimbler South African armoured cars. The FAPLA offensive was halted with heavy casualties, and abandoned shortly thereafter. The SADF had a political imperative to avoid casualties wherever possible, and had orders to avoid the town unless it fell into their hands without a fight, so therefore made no attempt to follow up on its advantage and to capture the town. Both sides claimed victory.Today, the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale is credited with ushering in the first round of trilateral negotiations, mediated by the United States, which secured the withdrawal of Cuban and South African troops from Angola and Namibia by 1991.".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale causalties "Total: over 3,000 dead and wounded".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola(FAPLA)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces(FAR)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "National Union for the Total Independence of Angola(UNITA)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "People's Liberation Army of Namibia(PLAN)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "South African Defence Force(SADF)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "South West African Territorial Force(SWATF)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale combatant "Umkhonto we Sizwe(MK)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Andreas_Liebenberg.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander António_Dembo.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Arlindo_Pena_Ben-Ben.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Arnaldo_Ochoa.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Demosthenes_Amos_Chilingutila.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Deon_Ferreira.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Johannes_Geldenhuys.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander João_de_Matos.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Konstantin_Shagnovitch.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Leopoldo_Cintra_Frías.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Pavel_Gusev_(general).
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Piet_Muller.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale commander Ulises_Rosales_del_Toro.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale date "1987-08-14".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale date "1988-03-23".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale isPartOfMilitaryConflict Angolan_Civil_War.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale isPartOfMilitaryConflict South_African_Border_War.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale place Angola.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale place Cuito_Cuanavale.
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale result "*Defeat of FAPLA attack with heavy casualties, and abandonment of attempt to captureMavingaandJamba".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale result "*Round One ofTripartite Accordtalks commences".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale result "*Withdrawal over several months of most South African and UNITA troops from Cuito Cuanavale".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "(later up to 18,000)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "(later up to 3,000)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "1 battery ofValkiri".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "1 troop ofG6howitzers".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "12 multirole fighter aircraft".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "120Ratel-90armoured cars".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "13Olifanttanks".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "150T-55/62tanks".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "2 batteries ofG5howitzers".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "24+ T-55 tanks".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "28,000 militants".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "3,000 combat troops (February, 1988)".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "300 advisory personnel".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "32 T-55/62 tanks".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "37,000 irregulars".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "4 bomber aircraft".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "6,000 combat troops".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "700 combat troops".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "8 bomber aircraft".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "80+ armoured personnel carriers".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "96 multirole fighter aircraft".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "Cuba:".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "FAPLA:".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "South Africa:".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "UNITA:".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "~43BM-21 Grad".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale strength "~97BRDM-2scout cars".
- Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale thumbnail Cuito_Cuanavale_Montage.jpg?width=300.
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