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- Bacterial_oxidation abstract "Bacterial oxidation is a biohydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates. The bacterial culture is a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The bacterial oxidation process comprises contacting refractory sulfide ROM ore or concentrate with a strain of the bacterial culture for a suitable treatment period under an optimum operating environment. The bacteria oxidise the sulfide minerals, thus liberating the occluded gold for subsequent recovery via cyanidation. The BIOX® process is a proprietary technology owned by Biomin South Africa and used under licence by a number of operating mines. The BIOX® process involves bacterial oxidation in agitated tanks for pre-treatment of refractory ores and concentrates ahead of conventional cyanide leach for gold recovery.Under controlled continuous plant conditions, the number of bacterial cells and their activity is optimised to attain the highest rate of sulfide oxidation. The bacteria require a very acidic environment (pH 1.0 to 4.0), a temperature of between 30 and 45 °C, and a steady supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide for optimum growth and activity. The unusual operating conditions for the bacteria are not favourable for the growth of most other microbes, thus eliminating the need for sterility during the bacterial oxidation process. Because organic substances are toxic to the bacteria, they are non-pathogenic and incapable of causing disease. The bacteria employed in the process do not, therefore, pose a health risk to humans or any animals.The bacterial oxidation of iron sulfide minerals produces iron(III) sulfate and sulfuric acid, and in the case of arsenopyrite, arsenic acid is also produced. The arsenic is removed from the liquor by coprecipitation with the iron and sulfate in a two-stage neutralisation process. This produces a solid neutralisation precipitate containing largely calcium sulfate, basic iron(III) arsenate and iron(III) hydroxide. The iron(III) arsenate is sufficiently insoluble and stable to allow the neutralisation product to be safely disposed of on a slimes dam. The neutralisation liquor, purified to contain an acceptable level of arsenic, can be re-used in the milling, flotation or bacterial oxidation circuits.".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageExternalLink overview.html.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageExternalLink Biooxidation.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageID "1110607".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageLength "2925".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageOutDegree "38".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageRevisionID "624908776".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Acidic_environment.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Acidithiobacillus.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Acidithiobacillus_thiooxidans.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Arsenic_acid.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Arsenopyrite.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Biohydrometallurgy.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_sulfate.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bacteria.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bacteriology.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Economic_geology.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Geochemistry.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Coprecipitation.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Cyanidation.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Economic_geology.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Geomicrobiology.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Gold.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Iron(III)_arsenate.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Iron(III)_oxide-hydroxide.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Iron(III)_sulfate.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Iron_sulfide.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Microbiological_culture.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Microorganism.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Mineral.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Neutralization_(chemistry).
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Nitrospirae.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Ore.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink PH.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Precipitation_(chemistry).
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Redox.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Refractory.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfide.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfide_oxidation.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Sulfuric_acid.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLinkText "BIOX".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Bacterial oxidation".
- Bacterial_oxidation wikiPageWikiLinkText "bacterial oxidation".
- Bacterial_oxidation subject Category:Bacteria.
- Bacterial_oxidation subject Category:Bacteriology.
- Bacterial_oxidation subject Category:Economic_geology.
- Bacterial_oxidation subject Category:Geochemistry.
- Bacterial_oxidation hypernym Process.
- Bacterial_oxidation type Election.
- Bacterial_oxidation type Subfield.
- Bacterial_oxidation comment "Bacterial oxidation is a biohydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates. The bacterial culture is a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The bacterial oxidation process comprises contacting refractory sulfide ROM ore or concentrate with a strain of the bacterial culture for a suitable treatment period under an optimum operating environment.".
- Bacterial_oxidation label "Bacterial oxidation".
- Bacterial_oxidation sameAs Q4839996.
- Bacterial_oxidation sameAs m.046x98.
- Bacterial_oxidation sameAs Q4839996.
- Bacterial_oxidation wasDerivedFrom Bacterial_oxidation?oldid=624908776.
- Bacterial_oxidation isPrimaryTopicOf Bacterial_oxidation.