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- Atmosphere_of_Venus abstract "The atmosphere of Venus is the layer of gases surrounding Venus. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide and is much denser and hotter than that of Earth. The temperature at the surface is 740 K (467 °C, 872 °F), and the pressure is 93 bar (9.3 MPa). The Venusian atmosphere supports opaque clouds made of sulfuric acid, making optical Earth-based and orbital observation of the surface impossible. Information about the topography has been obtained exclusively by radar imaging. Aside from carbon dioxide, the other main component is nitrogen. Other chemical compounds are present only in trace amounts.Mikhail Lomonosov was the first person to hypothesize the existence of an atmosphere on Venus based on his observation of the transit of Venus of 1761 in a small observatory near his house in Saint Petersburg.The atmosphere is in a state of vigorous circulation and super-rotation. The whole atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than the planet's sidereal day of 243 days. The winds supporting super-rotation blow as fast as 100 m/s (~360 km/h or 220 mph). Winds move at up to 60 times the speed of the planet's rotation, while Earth's fastest winds are only 10% to 20% rotation speed. On the other hand, the wind speed becomes increasingly slower as the elevation from the surface decreases, with the breeze barely reaching the speed of 10 km/h (2.8 m/s) on the surface. Near the poles are anticyclonic structures called polar vortices. Each vortex is double-eyed and shows a characteristic S-shaped pattern of clouds.Unlike Earth, Venus lacks a magnetic field. Its ionosphere separates the atmosphere from outer space and the solar wind. This ionised layer excludes the solar magnetic field, giving Venus a distinct magnetic environment. This is considered Venus's induced magnetosphere. Lighter gases, including water vapour, are continuously blown away by the solar wind through the induced magnetotail. It is speculated that the atmosphere of Venus up to around 4 billion years ago was more like that of the Earth with liquid water on the surface. A runaway greenhouse effect may have been caused by the evaporation of the surface water and subsequent rise of the levels of other greenhouse gases.Despite the harsh conditions on the surface, the atmospheric pressure and temperature at about 50 km to 65 km above the surface of the planet is nearly the same as that of the Earth, making its upper atmosphere the most Earth-like area in the Solar System, even more so than the surface of Mars. Due to the similarity in pressure and temperature and the fact that breathable air (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen) is a lifting gas on Venus in the same way that helium is a lifting gas on Earth, the upper atmosphere has been proposed as a location for both exploration and colonization.On January 29, 2013, ESA scientists reported that the ionosphere of the planet Venus streams outwards in a manner similar to \"the ion tail seen streaming from a comet under similar conditions.\"".
- Atmosphere_of_Venus thumbnail Venuspioneeruv.jpg?width=300.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageID "6410946".
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageLength "61382".
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageOutDegree "239".
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageRevisionID "707202908".
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Acidophile.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Adiabatic_process.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Airship.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Akatsuki_(spacecraft).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Albedo.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Allotropes_of_oxygen.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Antarctica.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Anticyclone.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Argon.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Ashen_light.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Astronomical_spectroscopy.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere_(unit).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere_of_Earth.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Bar_(unit).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Bow_shocks_in_astrophysics.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_monoxide.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Carbonyl_sulfide.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Category:Planetary_atmospheres.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Category:Planetary_atmospheres_of_the_Solar_System.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Category:Venus.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Centrifugal_force.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Climate_change.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Colonization_of_Venus.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Comet.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Convection.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Current_sheet.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink David_Grinspoon.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Deuterium.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Dipole.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Dissociation_(chemistry).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Doppler_effect.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_electron_wave.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Electronvolt.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink European_Space_Agency.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Exoplanet.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Extremophile.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Geoffrey_A._Landis.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Geostrophic_wind.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Greenhouse_effect.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Greenhouse_gas.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hadean.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hadley_cell.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Helium.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Earth.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Humidity.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_chloride.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_fluoride.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_sulfide.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Hyperthermophile.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Imaging_spectroscopy.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Infrared.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Intermittency.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Ionization.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Ionosphere.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Isotope.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink JAXA.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Kelvin.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Life.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Lifting_gas.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Lightning.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Lux.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Magellan_(spacecraft).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_field.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Magnetopause.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Magnetosheath.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Magnetosphere.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mantle_(geology).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mariner_2.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mars.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mercury_(planet).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mesopause.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mesosphere.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Microelectronics.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Micrometre.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Mikhail_Lomonosov.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink NASA.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Nanometre.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Neon.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink New_Frontiers_program.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Nitric_oxide.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Nitrogen.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Non-inclined_orbit.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Observations_and_explorations_of_Venus.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Occultation.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Opportunity_(rover).
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Optics.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Outer_space.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
- Atmosphere_of_Venus wikiPageWikiLink Ozone_layer.