Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Antibody> ?p ?o }
- Antibody abstract "An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the variable region. Each tip of the \"Y\" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival). The ability of an antibody to communicate with the other components of the immune system is mediated via its Fc region (located at the base of the \"Y\"), which contains a conserved glycosylation site involved in these interactions. The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system.Antibodies are secreted by B cells of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell to be free in the blood plasma, and a membrane-bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B-cell receptor (BCR). The BCR is found only on the surface of B cells and facilitates the activation of these cells and their subsequent differentiation into either antibody factories called plasma cells or memory B cells that will survive in the body and remember that same antigen so the B cells can respond faster upon future exposure. In most cases, interaction of the B cell with a T helper cell is necessary to produce full activation of the B cell and, therefore, antibody generation following antigen binding. Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids, as well as many secretions to continue to survey for invading microorganisms.Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. They constitute most of the gamma globulin fraction of the blood proteins. They are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two small light chains. There are several different types of antibody heavy chains based on five different types of crystallisable fragments (Fc) that may be attached to the antigen-binding fragments. The five different types of Fc regions allow antibodies to be grouped into five isotypes. Each Fc region of a particular antibody isotype is able to bind to its specific Fc Receptor (except for IgD, which is essentially the BCR), thus allowing the antigen-antibody complex to mediate different roles depending on which FcR it binds. The ability of an antibody to bind to its corresponding FcR is further modulated by the structure of the glycan(s) present at conserved sites within its Fc region. The ability of antibodies to bind to FcRs helps to direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter. For example, IgE is responsible for an allergic response consisting of mast cell degranulation and histamine release. IgE's Fab paratope binds to allergic antigen, for example house dust mite particles, while its Fc region binds to Fc receptor ε. The allergen-IgE-FcRε interaction mediates allergic signal transduction to induce conditions such as asthma.Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, or antigen-binding sites, to exist. This region is known as the hypervariable region. Each of these variants can bind to a different antigen. This enormous diversity of antibody paratopes on the antigen-binding fragments allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens. The large and diverse population of antibody paratope is generated by random recombination events of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen-binding sites (or paratopes), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity. This recombinational process that produces clonal antibody paratope diversity is called V(D)J or VJ recombination. Basically, the antibody paratope is polygenic, made up of three genes, V, D, and J. Each paratope locus is also polymorphic, such that during antibody production, one allele of V, one of D, and one of J is chosen. These gene segments are then joined together using random genetic recombination to produce the paratope. The regions where the genes are randomly recombined together is the hyper variable region used to recognise different antigens on a clonal basis.Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the one type of heavy chain Fc fragment to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen-specific variable region. This allows a single antibody to be used by different types of Fc receptors, expressed on different parts of the immune system.".
- Antibody thumbnail Antibody.svg?width=300.
- Antibody wikiPageExternalLink IgStruct2000.htm.
- Antibody wikiPageExternalLink mabth.html.
- Antibody wikiPageExternalLink safety-testing.
- Antibody wikiPageExternalLink antibody.htm.
- Antibody wikiPageExternalLink ?lang=en.
- Antibody wikiPageExternalLink CISimagelibrary.
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- Antibody wikiPageID "2362".
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- Antibody wikiPageRevisionID "707859317".
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Adduct.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Affimer.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Affinity_chromatography.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Affinity_maturation.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Agglutination_(biology).
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Allelic_exclusion.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Allergen.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Allergy.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Almroth_Wright.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Alpha.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Amino_acid.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Anti-mitochondrial_antibody.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Anti-nuclear_antibody.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antibody.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antibody-dependent_cell-mediated_cytotoxicity.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antibody_mimetic.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antigen.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antimicrobial.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antiserum.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Antitoxin.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosis.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Autoimmune_hepatitis.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Avidity.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Basophil_granulocyte.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Bence_Jones_protein.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Biological_immortality.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Biology.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Biopharmaceutical.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Bird.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Blood_proteins.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Blood_test.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Blood_transfusion.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Breast_cancer.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cancer.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Capsid.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Category:Antibodies.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Category:Glycoproteins.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Category:Immune_system.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Category:Immunology.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cell-mediated_immunity.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cell_(biology).
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cell_division.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cell_membrane.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_differentiation.
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Chicken.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Childbirth.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Chondrichthyes.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Chromosome_14_(human).
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- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Chromosome_2_(human).
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cirrhosis.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Clinical_trial.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Clone_(B-cell_biology).
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cloning.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cluster_of_differentiation.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Colorectal_cancer.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Colostrum.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Complement_membrane_attack_complex.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Complement_system.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Complementarity_determining_region.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Coombs_test.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Coulombs_law.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cross-reactivity.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cysteine.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cytokine.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Cytotoxicity.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink DARPin.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Degranulation.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Delta_(letter).
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Dilution_cloning.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Diphtheria.
- Antibody wikiPageWikiLink Disulfide.