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- Act_of_Seclusion abstract "The Act of Seclusion was an Act of the States of Holland, required by a secret annex in the Treaty of Westminster (1654) between the United Provinces and the Commonwealth of England in which William III, Prince of Orange, was excluded from the office of Stadtholder. The First Stadtholderless Period had been heralded in January 1651 by States Party Regenten, among whom the republican-minded brothers Cornelis and Andries de Graeff and their cousins Andries and Cornelis Bicker, during the Grote Vergadering (Great Assembly) in The Hague, a meeting of representatives of the States of each of the United Provinces. This meeting was convened after the death of stadtholder William II on November 6, 1650, when the States of Holland decided to leave the office of Stadtholder vacant in their province.Through the Treaty of Westminster Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, not only ended the First Anglo–Dutch War, but also ensured that the Orangist regent faction would be much weakened, so that English Republicans no longer needed to fear that William III (four years of age at the time) could become a strong Dutch leader who could bring the Stuarts to whom he was closely related through his mother Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, back on the English throne. Ironically, William III would later drive out the Stuart King James II during the Glorious Revolution and thereby end moves in England towards absolutism.As the other provinces would have refused to sign the treaty if they had known of the secret clause, De Witt arranged that this clause would bind only the States of Holland. The States-General of the Netherlands were completely left in the dark, as was the Frisian plenipotentiary at the negotiations, Allart Pieter van Jongestall. Only the two Holland representatives (Hieronymus van Beverningh and Willem Nieupoort) were in on the secret. Consequently, the States-General ratified the treaty on April 22, 1654, without the secret annex.The prime movers behind the Act of Seclusion, in which William III, Prince of Orange was excluded from the office of Stadtholder, were De Witt and his uncle Cornelis de Graeff. Then, the States of Holland debated the Act and passed it on May 4, 1654, over the opposition of the Holland ridderschap (delegates of the nobility, who had one vote in the States) and six of the cities (with one vote each). Only then did Oliver Cromwell, the English signatory to the treaty, ratify the treaty (including the secret clause), as had been agreed beforehand.According to Grand Pensionary De Witt, it was Oliver Cromwell who demanded the secret annex and he managed to have it ratified only with the greatest effort. The Deputated States of Friesland (executive of the States of Friesland) even demanded investigating conduct of the Dutch plenipotentiaries. When the Act of Seclusion shortly afterward was leaked by De Witt's, clerk Van Messem, it was commonly assumed that De Witt masterminded it himself. In the 19th century, investigation of his secret correspondence appeared to show otherwise. Nowadays, different positions are taken in this matter stemming from the suspicion that De Witt may have manipulated the writings out of fear that they might fall into the wrong hands.When the English Restoration brought Charles II to the throne of England, the States of Holland declared that the Act of Seclusion had thereby lost its validity since the Act had been concluded with the Commonwealth, which had ceased to exist.In 1667, De Witt and his partisans permanently barred the House of Orange from influence by the Perpetual Edict. However, in 1672, the States of Holland revoked the Edict and made William of Orange Stadtholder.".
- Act_of_Seclusion thumbnail Adriaen_Hanneman_William_III_Prince_of_Orange_1654.jpg?width=300.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageID "12539554".
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageLength "6519".
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageOutDegree "46".
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageRevisionID "701689824".
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Absolute_monarchy.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Allart_Pieter_van_Jongestall.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Andries_Bicker.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Andries_de_Graeff.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:1654_in_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:1654_in_the_Dutch_Republic.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:1654_treaties.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Legal_history_of_the_Netherlands.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Secret_treaties.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Treaties_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Treaties_of_the_Dutch_Republic.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Category:William_III_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Charles_II_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Commonwealth_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Cornelis_Bicker.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Cornelis_de_Graeff.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Dutch_Republic.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Dutch_States_Party.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink First_Anglo-Dutch_War.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink First_Stadtholderless_Period.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Glorious_Revolution.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Grand_pensionary.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Hieronymus_van_Beverningh.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Holland.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Stuart.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink James_II_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Johan_de_Witt.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Oliver_Cromwell.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Orangism_(Dutch_Republic).
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Perpetual_Edict_(1667).
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Regenten.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Restoration_(England).
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Stadtholder.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink States_General_of_the_Netherlands.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink States_of_Holland_and_West_Friesland.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink The_Hague.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Treaty_of_Westminster_(1654).
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink Willem_Nieupoort.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink William_II,_Prince_of_Orange.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink William_III_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink File:Adriaen_Hanneman_William_III_Prince_of_Orange_1654.jpg.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLink File:Akte_van_Seclusie_Nl-HaNA_3.01.04.03_62.jpg.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageWikiLinkText "Act of Seclusion".
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Act_of_Seclusion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Rp.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:1654_in_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:1654_in_the_Dutch_Republic.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:1654_treaties.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:Legal_history_of_the_Netherlands.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:Secret_treaties.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:Treaties_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:Treaties_of_the_Dutch_Republic.
- Act_of_Seclusion subject Category:William_III_of_England.
- Act_of_Seclusion hypernym Act.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Band.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Work.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Law.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Leader.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Redirect.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Relation.
- Act_of_Seclusion type Work.
- Act_of_Seclusion comment "The Act of Seclusion was an Act of the States of Holland, required by a secret annex in the Treaty of Westminster (1654) between the United Provinces and the Commonwealth of England in which William III, Prince of Orange, was excluded from the office of Stadtholder.".
- Act_of_Seclusion label "Act of Seclusion".
- Act_of_Seclusion sameAs Q201587.
- Act_of_Seclusion sameAs Seklusionsakt.
- Act_of_Seclusion sameAs Akte_fan_Seklúzje.
- Act_of_Seclusion sameAs Akte_van_Seclusie.
- Act_of_Seclusion sameAs m.02wc905.
- Act_of_Seclusion sameAs Q201587.
- Act_of_Seclusion wasDerivedFrom Act_of_Seclusion?oldid=701689824.
- Act_of_Seclusion depiction Adriaen_Hanneman_William_III_Prince_of_Orange_1654.jpg.
- Act_of_Seclusion isPrimaryTopicOf Act_of_Seclusion.