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• Witch-cult_hypothesis abstract "The witch-cult hypothesis is a discredited theory that the witch trials of the Early Modern period were an attempt to suppress a pre-Christian, pagan religion that had survived the Christianisation of Europe. According to its proponents, this cult revolved around the worship of a Horned God of fertility whom the Christian persecutors referred to as the Devil, and participated in nocturnal rites at the witches' Sabbath in which they venerated this deity.The theory was pioneered by German scholars Karl Ernst Jarcke and Franz Josef Mone in the early nineteenth century, before being adopted by the French historian Jules Michelet, American feminist Matilda Joslyn Gage, and American folklorist Charles Leland later in that century. However, the hypothesis received its most prominent exposition when adopted by the British Egyptologist Margaret Murray, who presented her version of it in The Witch-Cult in Western Europe (1921), before further expounding it in books like The God of the Witches (1931) and in her contribution to the Encyclopædia Britannica. Although the "Murrayite theory" proved popular in the mid-twentieth century, it was never accepted by specialists in the history of the witch trials.The academic consensus is that the witch-cult never existed and that the theory is therefore a pseudohistorical claim. Critics highlight that the theory rested on a misrepresentation of the evidence and an assumption that the claims made by accused witches were truthful and not distorted by coercion and torture, resulting in a fundamental misinterpretation of the trials and the actions of the accused. Specialists also noted that there was no evidence of a pagan witch-cult throughout the Middle Ages, and that therefore it could not be tied to the pre-Christian period.However, the witch-cult hypothesis influenced literature, being adapted into fictional forms in the work of authors like John Buchan and Robert Graves. It greatly affected the origins of Wicca, a contemporary Pagan new religious movement that emerged in mid-twentieth century Britain, claiming to be the survival of the pagan witch-cult. Since the 1960s, scholars like Carlo Ginzburg argued that elements of pagan religion influenced the Early Modern stereotypes of witchcraft, with scholars debating how this relates to the Murrayite witch-cult hypothesis.".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis thumbnail Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches'_Sabbath_-_WGA10007.jpg?width=300.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis wikiPageExternalLink ai.1608.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis wikiPageID "20198419".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis wikiPageRevisionID "640279181".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1a "Burr".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1a "Cohn".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1a "Hutton".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1a "Simpson".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1a "Thomas".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1p "103".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1p "104".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1p "105".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1p "362".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1p "516".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1p "89".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1pp "103".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1pp "780".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1y "1922".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1y "1971".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1y "1975".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1y "1994".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 1y "1999".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Alexander".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Burr".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Hutton".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Purkiss".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Russell".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Sheppard".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2a "Simpson".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2p "137".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2p "154".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2p "169".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2p "34".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2p "90".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2pp "136".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2pp "491".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2y "1935".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2y "1994".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2y "1996".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2y "1999".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2y "2007".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 2y "2013".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 3a "Hutton".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 3p "136".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis 3y "1999".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis align "left".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis border "1".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis fontsize "85.0".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis hasPhotoCollection Witch-cult_hypothesis.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis quote ""Surely, discussion of what confessedly is so unripe is premature. When Miss Murray has broadened her study to all the lands where she can find the "cult"; when she has dealt with documents worthier the name of records than the chap-books and the formless reports that have to serve us for the British trials; when she has traced back witch-sabbath and questionary through the centuries of witch and heretic hunting that precede the British; when she has trusted herself to study the work of other students and fairly to weigh their conclusions against her own in the light of the further evidence they may adduce: then perhaps she may have modified her views. Whether she changes or confirms them, she will then have earned the right to a hearing."".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis quote ""That this 'old religion' persisted secretly, without leaving any evidence, is of course possible, just as it is possible that below the surface of the moon lie extensive deposits of Stilton cheese. Anything is possible. But it is nonsense to assert the existence of something for which no evidence exists. The Murrayites ask us to swallow a most peculiar sandwich: a large piece of the wrong evidence between two slick slices of no evidence at all."".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis salign "right".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis source "George L. Burr, 1922.".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis source "Jeffrey B. Russell and Brooks Alexander, 2007.".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis width "30".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis subject Category:Conspiracy_theories.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis subject Category:Pseudohistory.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis subject Category:Wicca.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis subject Category:Witchcraft.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type Abstraction100002137.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type Cognition100023271.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type ConspiracyTheories.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type Explanation105793000.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type HigherCognitiveProcess105770664.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type Process105701363.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type Theory105989479.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis type Thinking105770926.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis comment "The witch-cult hypothesis is a discredited theory that the witch trials of the Early Modern period were an attempt to suppress a pre-Christian, pagan religion that had survived the Christianisation of Europe.".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis label "Heksencultus-hypothese".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis label "Hipótese do culto bruxo".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis label "Witch-cult hypothesis".
• Witch-cult_hypothesis sameAs Heksencultus-hypothese.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis sameAs Hipótese_do_culto_bruxo.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis sameAs m.04y810b.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis sameAs Q2457005.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis sameAs Q2457005.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis sameAs Witch-cult_hypothesis.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis wasDerivedFrom Witch-cult_hypothesis?oldid=640279181.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis depiction Francisco_de_Goya_y_Lucientes_-_Witches'_Sabbath_-_WGA10007.jpg.
• Witch-cult_hypothesis isPrimaryTopicOf Witch-cult_hypothesis.