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- John_J._Pershing abstract "John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), was the general in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces to victory over Germany in World War I, 1917-18. He rejected British and French demands that American forces be integrated with their armies, and insisted that the AEF would operate as a single unit under his command when it was large enough. Before then he assigned American divisions to be under British and French command at the battles Cantigny, Chateau-Thierry, Belleau Wood, and Soissons. He also allowed all-black units to be integrated with the French army. To speed up the arrival of the doughboys, they embarked for France leaving the heavy equipment behind, and used British and French tanks, artillery, airplanes and other munitions. In September 1918 at St. Mihiel the First Army was directly under Pershing's command; it overwhelmed the German salient which they had held for three years. This victory opened the way for the decisive Argonne offensive. Pershing shifted 600,000 American soldiers to the heavily defended forests of the Argonne, keeping his divisions engaged in hard fighting for 47 days, alongside the Allies. They broke the Hindenburg Line, shattered the German field army. The Germans called for an armistice although Pershing himself wanted to continue the war, occupy all of Germany, and permanently destroy German militarism.Pershing is the only American to be promoted in his own lifetime to General of the Armies He served as a mentor to a generation of generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II, including George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley, and George S. Patton. Some of his tactics have been criticized both by other commanders at the time and by modern historians. His reliance on costly frontal assaults, long after other Allied armies had abandoned such tactics, has been blamed for causing unnecessarily high American casualties.".
- John_J._Pershing award Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing award Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army).
- John_J._Pershing award Legion_of_Honour.
- John_J._Pershing award Order_of_the_Bath.
- John_J._Pershing award Silver_Star.
- John_J._Pershing battle American_Indian_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing battle Apache_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing battle Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill.
- John_J._Pershing battle Mexican_Revolution.
- John_J._Pershing battle Moro_Rebellion.
- John_J._Pershing battle Pancho_Villa_Expedition.
- John_J._Pershing battle Philippine–American_War.
- John_J._Pershing battle Russo-Japanese_War.
- John_J._Pershing battle Sioux_Wars.
- John_J._Pershing battle Spanish–American_War.
- John_J._Pershing battle Western_Front_(World_War_I).
- John_J._Pershing battle World_War_I.
- John_J._Pershing birthDate "1860-09-13".
- John_J._Pershing birthPlace Laclede,_Missouri.
- John_J._Pershing birthYear "1860".
- John_J._Pershing deathDate "1948-07-15".
- John_J._Pershing deathPlace Washington,_D.C..
- John_J._Pershing deathYear "1948".
- John_J._Pershing lccnId "n/50/9048".
- John_J._Pershing militaryBranch United_States_Army.
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "8th Infantry Brigade".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "American Expeditionary Force".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "Chief of Staff of the United States Army".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "First United States Army".
- John_J._Pershing militaryCommand "Mexican Expedition".
- John_J._Pershing restingPlace Arlington_National_Cemetery.
- John_J._Pershing serviceEndYear "1924".
- John_J._Pershing serviceNumber "O-1".
- John_J._Pershing serviceStartYear "1886".
- John_J._Pershing soundRecording John_J._Pershing__1.
- John_J._Pershing thumbnail General_John_Joseph_Pershing_head_on_shoulders.jpg?width=300.
- John_J._Pershing viafId "24713721".
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink pershingrifles.wordpress.com.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink johnjose.htm.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink detail2.cfm?webpage_id=117&page_type_id=3.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink pershing.html.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink Ch4.htm.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink pershing.htm.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink 0913.html.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink www.pershingmuseum.com.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink www.pershingriflessociety.org.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageExternalLink 317EngineerBattalion.htm.
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageID "23453940".
- John_J._Pershing wikiPageRevisionID "645803962".
- John_J._Pershing after John_L._Hines.
- John_J._Pershing after Robert_A._Taft.
- John_J._Pershing awards Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing awards Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army).
- John_J._Pershing awards Legion_of_Honour.
- John_J._Pershing awards Silver_Star.
- John_J._Pershing awards "Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath".
- John_J._Pershing battles "Indian Wars * Apache Wars * Sioux Wars Spanish–American War * Battle of San Juan Hill Philippine–American War * Moro Rebellion Russo-Japanese War".
- John_J._Pershing battles "Mexican Revolution * Pancho Villa Expedition World War I * Western Front".
- John_J._Pershing before Peyton_C._March.
- John_J._Pershing before William_Howard_Taft.
- John_J._Pershing birthName "John Joseph Pershing".
- John_J._Pershing birthPlace Laclede,_Missouri.
- John_J._Pershing branch "25".
- John_J._Pershing commands American_Expeditionary_Forces.
- John_J._Pershing commands Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.
- John_J._Pershing commands First_Army_(United_States).
- John_J._Pershing commands Mexican_Border_Service_Medal.
- John_J._Pershing commands "8".
- John_J._Pershing dateOfBirth "1860-09-13".
- John_J._Pershing dateOfDeath "1948-07-15".
- John_J._Pershing deathDate "1948-07-15".
- John_J._Pershing deathPlace Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center.
- John_J._Pershing deathPlace Washington,_D.C..
- John_J._Pershing description "A speech given from Allied Headquarters, Chaumont, France, 1918".
- John_J._Pershing filename "Pershing - Address from France.ogg".
- John_J._Pershing hasPhotoCollection John_J._Pershing.
- John_J._Pershing id "gov.dod.dimoc.30117".
- John_J._Pershing imageSize "225".
- John_J._Pershing lccn "n/50/9048".
- John_J._Pershing name ""The Pershing Story "".
- John_J._Pershing name "John J. Pershing".
- John_J._Pershing name "Pershing, John Joseph".
- John_J._Pershing nickname ""Black Jack"".
- John_J._Pershing placeOfBirth Laclede,_Missouri.
- John_J._Pershing placeOfDeath Washington,_D.C..
- John_J._Pershing placeofburial Arlington_National_Cemetery.
- John_J._Pershing pnd "12035506".
- John_J._Pershing rank "25".
- John_J._Pershing servicenumber "O-1".
- John_J._Pershing serviceyears "1886".
- John_J._Pershing shortDescription "United States Army general in World War I".
- John_J._Pershing signature "John J Pershing Signature.svg".
- John_J._Pershing signatureSize "175".
- John_J._Pershing title Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.
- John_J._Pershing title List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1920s).
- John_J._Pershing title ""Address from France"".
- John_J._Pershing title "Persons who have lain in state or honor in the United States Capitol rotunda".
- John_J._Pershing viaf "24713721".