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• Benandanti abstract "The benandanti ("Good Walkers") were members of an agrarian visionary tradition in the Friuli district of Northeastern Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries. The benandanti claimed to travel out of their bodies while asleep to struggle against malevolent witches (streghe) in order to ensure good crops for the season to come. Between 1575 and 1675, in the midst of the Early Modern witch trials, a number of benandanti were accused of being heretics or witches under the Roman Inquisition, and their beliefs assimilated to Satanism.According to Early Modern records, benandanta were believed to have been born with a caul on their head, which gave them the ability to take part in nocturnal visionary traditions that occurred on specific Thursdays during the year. During these visions, it was believed that their spirits rode upon various animals into the sky and off to places in the countryside. Here they would take part in various games and other activities with other benandanti, and battle malevolent witches who threatened both their crops and their communities using sticks of sorghum. When not taking part in these visionary journeys, benandanti were also believed to have magical powers that could be used for healing.In 1575, the benandanti first came to the attention of the Friulian Church authorities when a village priest, Don Bartolomeo Sgabarizza, began investigating the claims made by the benandante Paolo Gaspurotto. Although Sgabarizza soon abandoned his investigations, in 1580 the case was reopened by the inquisitor Fra Felice de Montefalco, who interrogated not only Gaspurotto but also a variety of other local benandanti and spirit mediums, ultimately condemning some of them for the crime of heresy. Under pressure by the Inquisition, these nocturnal spirit travels (which often included sleep paralysis) were assimilated to the diabolised stereotype of the witches' Sabbath, leading to the extinction of the benandanti cult. The Inquisition's denunciation of the visionary tradition led to the term "benandante" becoming synonymous with the term "stregha" (meaning "witch") in Friulian folklore right through to the 20th century.The first historian to study the benandanti tradition was the Italian Carlo Ginzburg, who began an examination of the surviving trial records from the period in the early 1960s, culminating in the publication of his book The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (1966, English translation 1983). In Ginzburg's interpretation of the evidence, the benandanti was a "fertility cult" whose members were "defenders of harvests and the fertility of fields." He furthermore argued that it was only one surviving part of a much wider European tradition of visionary experiences that had its origins in the pre-Christian period, identifying similarities with Livonian werewolf beliefs. Various historians have alternately built on or challenged aspects of Ginzburg's interpretation.".
• Benandanti thumbnail Baldung_Hexen_1508_kol.JPG?width=300.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1402519873&sr=8-1&keywords=winter+falls.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink www.brightweavings.com.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink fennel.html.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink MoscosoBenandanti.htm.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink br_155.html.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink www.nicolemaggi.com.
• Benandanti wikiPageExternalLink secB.htm.
• Benandanti wikiPageID "2585978".
• Benandanti wikiPageRevisionID "632248376".
• Benandanti 1a "Cohn".
• Benandanti 1a "Hutton".
• Benandanti 1p "223".
• Benandanti 1p "248".
• Benandanti 1y "1975".
• Benandanti 1y "2010".
• Benandanti 2a "Ginzburg".
• Benandanti 2a "Hutton".
• Benandanti 2p "15".
• Benandanti 2p "229".
• Benandanti 2y "1983".
• Benandanti 2y "2011".
• Benandanti 3a "Thurston".
• Benandanti 3p "57".
• Benandanti 3y "2001".
• Benandanti align "left".
• Benandanti align "right".
• Benandanti bgcolor "#ACE1AF".
• Benandanti border "1".
• Benandanti fontsize "85.0".
• Benandanti hasPhotoCollection Benandanti.
• Benandanti quote ""I am a benandante because I go with the others to fight four times a year, that is during the Ember Days, at night; I go invisibly in spirit and the body remains behind; we go forth in the service of Christ, and the witches of the devil; we fight each other, we with bundles of fennel and they with sorghum stalks."".
• Benandanti quote ""Sometimes they go out to one country region and sometimes to another, perhaps to Gradisca or even as far away as Verona, and they appear together jousting and playing games; and... the men and women who are the evil-doers carry and use the sorgham stalks which grow in the fields, and the men and women who are benandanti use fennel storks; and they go now one day and now another, but always on Thursdays, and... when they make their great displays they go to the biggest farms, and they have days fixed for this; and when the warlocks and witches set out it is to do evil, and they must be pursued by the benandanti to thwart them, and also to stop them entering the houses, because if they do not find clear water in the pails they go into the cellars and spoil the wine with certain things, throwing filth in the bungholes."".
• Benandanti salign "right".
• Benandanti source "Montefalco's record of what Moduco informed him, 1580.".
• Benandanti source "Sgabarizza's record of what Gaspurotto informed him, 1575.".
• Benandanti width "30".
• Benandanti subject Category:16th_century_in_Italy.
• Benandanti subject Category:17th_century_in_Italy.
• Benandanti subject Category:Fertility.
• Benandanti subject Category:Witchcraft.
• Benandanti comment "The benandanti ("Good Walkers") were members of an agrarian visionary tradition in the Friuli district of Northeastern Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries. The benandanti claimed to travel out of their bodies while asleep to struggle against malevolent witches (streghe) in order to ensure good crops for the season to come.".
• Benandanti label "Benandante".
• Benandanti label "Benandanti".
• Benandanti label "Benandanti".
• Benandanti label "Benandanti".
• Benandanti sameAs Benandanti.
• Benandanti sameAs Benandante.
• Benandanti sameAs Benandanti.
• Benandanti sameAs m.07pv2q.
• Benandanti sameAs Q2560905.
• Benandanti sameAs Q2560905.
• Benandanti wasDerivedFrom Benandanti?oldid=632248376.
• Benandanti depiction Baldung_Hexen_1508_kol.JPG.
• Benandanti isPrimaryTopicOf Benandanti.