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- Winston_Churchill abstract "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, DL, FRS, RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer (as Winston S. Churchill), and an artist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough, a branch of the Spencer family. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns.At the forefront of politics for fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of Asquith's Liberal government. During the war, he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign caused his departure from government. He then briefly resumed active army service on the Western Front as commander of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. He returned to government as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Air. In 1921–1922 Churchill served as Secretary of State for the Colonies, then Chancellor of the Exchequer in Baldwin's Conservative government of 1924–1929, controversially returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure on the UK economy. Also controversial were his opposition to increased home rule for India and his resistance to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII.Out of office and politically "in the wilderness" during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament. At the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, Churchill became Prime Minister. His steadfast refusal to consider surrender helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult early days of the war when the British Commonwealth and Empire stood alone in its active opposition to Adolf Hitler. Churchill was particularly noted for his speeches and radio broadcasts, which helped inspire the British people. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, he became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour Government. He publicly warned of an "Iron Curtain" of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity. After winning the 1951 election, Churchill again became Prime Minister. His second term was preoccupied by foreign affairs, including the Malayan Emergency, Mau Mau Uprising, Korean War, and UK-backed coup d'état in Iran. Domestically his government laid great emphasis on house-building, and introduced safety and sanitation regulations for housing and workplaces. Churchill suffered a serious stroke in 1953 and retired as Prime Minister in 1955, although he remained a Member of Parliament until 1964. Upon his death aged ninety in 1965, Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral, which saw one of the largest assemblies of world statesmen in history. Named the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll, Churchill is widely regarded as being among the most influential people in British history, consistently ranking well in opinion polls of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom.".
- Winston_Churchill alias "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, The Rt Hon. Sir Winston Churchill".
- Winston_Churchill almaMater Harrow_School.
- Winston_Churchill almaMater Royal_Military_College,_Sandhurst.
- Winston_Churchill battle Second_Boer_War.
- Winston_Churchill battle World_War_I.
- Winston_Churchill birthDate "1874-11-30".
- Winston_Churchill birthName "Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill".
- Winston_Churchill birthPlace Blenheim_Palace.
- Winston_Churchill birthPlace Woodstock,_Oxfordshire.
- Winston_Churchill birthYear "1874".
- Winston_Churchill child Diana_Churchill.
- Winston_Churchill child Mary_Soames,_Baroness_Soames.
- Winston_Churchill child Randolph_Churchill.
- Winston_Churchill child Sarah_Churchill_(actress).
- Winston_Churchill deathDate "1965-01-24".
- Winston_Churchill deathPlace Hyde_Park_Gate.
- Winston_Churchill deathYear "1965".
- Winston_Churchill deputy Anthony_Eden.
- Winston_Churchill deputy Clement_Attlee.
- Winston_Churchill militaryBranch Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom).
- Winston_Churchill militaryBranch British_Army.
- Winston_Churchill militaryRank Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom).
- Winston_Churchill monarch Elizabeth_II.
- Winston_Churchill monarch George_VI.
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "Chancellor of the Exchequer".
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "First Lord of the Admiralty".
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "Leader of the Conservative Party".
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "Leader of the Opposition".
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "Minister of Defence".
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom".
- Winston_Churchill orderInOffice "Secretary of State for the Colonies".
- Winston_Churchill party Conservative_Party_(UK).
- Winston_Churchill party Liberal_Party_(UK).
- Winston_Churchill predecessor Clement_Attlee.
- Winston_Churchill predecessor Ernle_Chatfield,_1st_Baron_Chatfield.
- Winston_Churchill predecessor James_Stanhope,_7th_Earl_Stanhope.
- Winston_Churchill predecessor Manny_Shinwell,_Baron_Shinwell.
- Winston_Churchill predecessor Neville_Chamberlain.
- Winston_Churchill predecessor Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden.
- Winston_Churchill predecessor Reginald_McKenna.
- Winston_Churchill primeMinister Clement_Attlee.
- Winston_Churchill primeMinister David_Lloyd_George.
- Winston_Churchill primeMinister H._H._Asquith.
- Winston_Churchill primeMinister Neville_Chamberlain.
- Winston_Churchill primeMinister Stanley_Baldwin.
- Winston_Churchill religion Anglicanism.
- Winston_Churchill restingPlace St_Martins_Church,_Bladon.
- Winston_Churchill serviceEndYear "1900".
- Winston_Churchill serviceStartYear "1895".
- Winston_Churchill signature "Sir Winston Churchill signature.svg".
- Winston_Churchill spouse Clementine_Churchill,_Baroness_Spencer-Churchill.
- Winston_Churchill successor A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough.
- Winston_Churchill successor Anthony_Eden.
- Winston_Churchill successor Arthur_Balfour.
- Winston_Churchill successor Clement_Attlee.
- Winston_Churchill successor Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis.
- Winston_Churchill successor Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden.
- Winston_Churchill successor Victor_Cavendish,_9th_Duke_of_Devonshire.
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