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- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome abstract "Upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) is the motor control changes that can occur in skeletal muscle after an upper motor neuron lesion.Following upper motor neuron lesions, affected muscles potentially have many features of altered performance including:weakness (decreased ability for the muscle to generate force)decreased motor control including decreased speed, accuracy and dexterityaltered muscle tone (hypotonia or hypertonia) – a decrease or increase in the baseline level of muscle activitydecreased enduranceexaggerated deep tendon reflexes including spasticity, and clonus (a series of involuntary rapid muscle contractions)Such signs are collectively termed the "upper motor neuron syndrome." Affected muscles typically show multiple signs, with severity depending on the degree of damage and other factors that influence motor control. In neuroanatomical circles, it is often joked, for example, that hemisection of the cervical spinal cord leads to an "upper lower motor neuron syndrome and a lower upper motor neuron syndrome." The saying refers to lower motor neuron symptoms in the upper extremity (arm) and upper motor neurons symptoms in the lower extremity (leg).The upper motor neuron syndrome signs are seen in conditions where motor areas in the brain and/or spinal cord are damaged or fail to develop normally. These include spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis and acquired brain injury including stroke. The impact of impairment of muscles for an individual is problems with movement, and posture, which often affects their function.Health professionals' understanding of impairments in muscles after an upper motor neuron lesion has progressed considerably in recent decades. However, a diagnosis of "spasticity" is still often used interchangeably with upper motor neuron syndrome, and it is not unusual to see patients labeled as spastic who demonstrate an array of UMN findingsSpasticity is an exaggerated stretch reflex, which means that a muscle has a reflex contraction when stretched, and that this contraction is stronger when the stretch is applied more quickly. The commonly quoted definition by Lance (1980) describes “a motor disorder, characterised by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex as one component of the upper motor neurone (UMN) syndrome”.Spasticity is a common feature of muscle performance after upper motor neuron lesions, but is generally of much less clinical significance than other features such as decreased strength, decreased control and decreased endurance. The confusion in the use of the terminology complicates assessment and treatment planning by health professionals, as many confuse the other findings of upper motor neuron syndrome and describe them as spasticity. This confusion potentially leaves health professionals attempting to inhibit an exaggerated stretch reflex to improve muscle performance, potentially leaving more significant UMNS changes such as weakness unaddressed. Improved understanding of the multiple features of the upper motor neuron syndrome supports more rigorous assessment, and improved treatment planning.".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageID "31848417".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageLength "9513".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageOutDegree "47".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageRevisionID "610579567".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Acquired_brain_injury.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Anatomical_terms_of_location.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Baclofen.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Botulinum_toxin.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Brain.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Category:Motor_control.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Cerebral_palsy.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Clonazepam.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Clonus.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Contracture.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Dantrolene.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Dexterity.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Diazepam.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Electrical_stimulation.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Endurance.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Fine_motor_skill.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Functional_electrical_stimulation.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Motor_control.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Multiple_sclerosis.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Muscle_fibres.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Muscle_tone.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Neurologists.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Neurology.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Occupational_therapist.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Occupational_therapists.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Orthotics.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Orthotists.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Phenol.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Physical_therapist.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Physical_therapists.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Physical_therapy.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Physiotherapy.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Skeletal_muscle.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Spasticity.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Spinal_cord.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Spinal_cord_injury.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Stiffness.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Strength_training.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Stretch_reflex.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Stroke.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Stroke_recovery.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Stroke_rehabilitation.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Traumatic_brain_injury.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Upper_motor_neuron_lesion.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLink Weakness.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLinkText "Upper motor neuron syndrome".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLinkText "upper motor neuron dysfunction".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLinkText "upper motor neuron signs".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLinkText "upper motor neuron syndrome".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageWikiLinkText "upper motor neuron".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome hasPhotoCollection Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome subject Category:Motor_control.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome hypernym Changes.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome type Embryology.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome comment "Upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) is the motor control changes that can occur in skeletal muscle after an upper motor neuron lesion.Following upper motor neuron lesions, affected muscles potentially have many features of altered performance including:weakness (decreased ability for the muscle to generate force)decreased motor control including decreased speed, accuracy and dexterityaltered muscle tone (hypotonia or hypertonia) – a decrease or increase in the baseline level of muscle activitydecreased enduranceexaggerated deep tendon reflexes including spasticity, and clonus (a series of involuntary rapid muscle contractions)Such signs are collectively termed the "upper motor neuron syndrome." Affected muscles typically show multiple signs, with severity depending on the degree of damage and other factors that influence motor control. ".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome label "Upper motor neuron syndrome".
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome sameAs m.0gttcmh.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome sameAs Q7899047.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome sameAs Q7899047.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome wasDerivedFrom Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome?oldid=610579567.
- Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome isPrimaryTopicOf Upper_motor_neuron_syndrome.