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- Tungchow_mutiny abstract "The Tungchow mutiny (Japanese: 通州事件, Hepburn: Tsushu jiken, Chinese: 通州事件; pinyin: Tōngzhōu Shìjiàn), sometimes referred to as the Tongzhou Incident, was an assault on Japanese civilians and troops by East Hopei Army in Tongzhou, China on 29 July 1937 shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that marked the official beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.In early 1937, Tongzhou was capital of the East Hopei Government, a Japanese puppet state controlling the strategic eastern district of Beijing. In July, a detachment of approximately 800 troops of the Chinese 29th Army, under the command of General Sung Che-yuan and loyal to the Kuomintang government, camped outside the walls of Tongzhou. Refusing to leave despite the strong protests of the Japanese garrison commander, the Japanese did not know that General Sung had reached an agreement with East Hopei leader Yin Ju-keng, who hoped to use Sung's Kuomintang troops to rid himself of his Japanese overlords.On 27 July, the Japanese commander demanded that the Kuomintang soldiers disarm. When they refused, fighting erupted the following day, and the outnumbered and outgunned Chinese troops were trapped between the Japanese and the city wall. However, the Kuomintang Chinese troops' unwillingness to surrender in what was essentially a suicide mission strongly affected the Japanese-trained 1st and 2nd Corps of the East Hopei Army who were attached to the Japanese army. When East Hopei Army units refused to press the attack, Japanese troops bombed their barracks on the evening of 28 July. On midnight of 28 July, some 5,000 troops of the 1st and 2nd Corps of the East Hopei Army mutinied, turning against the Japanese garrison.There are several views as to the cause of the mutiny of the East Hopei Army. Revenge against Japan for the aforementioned bombing. Propaganda radio broadcasts by the Kuomintang which made them believe that the KMT had won at the Marco Polo Bridge. The conclusion of a secret agreement between the KMT and the East Hopei Government. Indignation at the flood of opium drugs countenanced by the East Hopei Government. In addition to Japanese military personnel, some 260 civilians living in Tongzhou in accordance with the Boxer Protocol of 1901 were killed in the uprising (predominantly Japanese including the police force and also some ethnic Koreans). Only around 60 Japanese civilians survived and they provided both journalists and later historians with firsthand witness accounts. The Chinese set fire and destroyed much of the city.Anti-Chinese sentiments were further intensified in Japan. The popular Japanese slogan in those days was "To punish China the outrageous" (Chinese: 暴戻支那膺懲; pinyin: Bōrei Shina Yōchō or its shorter version Chinese: 暴支膺懲; pinyin: Bōshi Yōchō). The Japanese military adventurists stationed in China used this incident to justify further military operations under the pretext of protecting Japanese lives and properties in and around Beijing. After World War II the Japanese defence team at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal) submitted the official statement made in 1937 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan as the inevitable cause of the Sino-Japanese conflicts, but presiding judge Sir William Webb KBE rejected it as evidence.".
- Tungchow_mutiny thumbnail Occupied_Tongzhou_by_IJA.JPG?width=300.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageID "7000997".
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageLength "4984".
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageOutDegree "36".
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageRevisionID "671193426".
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Beijing.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Boxer_Protocol.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Category:1937_in_China.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Category:Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_China.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Category:Empire_of_Japan.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Beijing.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Category:Massacres_in_China.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Category:Second_Sino-Japanese_War.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink China.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Chinese_29th_Army.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink City_wall.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Defensive_wall.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink East_Hebei_Autonomous_Council.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink East_Hopei_Army.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Jinan_Incident.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Jinan_incident.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Koreans.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Kuomintang.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Nanking_Incident.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Nikolayevsk_Incident.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Puppet_state.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Second_Sino-Japanese_War.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Second_Sino-Japanese_war.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Song_Zheyuan.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Suicide_mission.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Sung_Che-yuan.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Tongzhou_District,_Beijing.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink William_Webb_(judge).
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink Yin_Ju-keng.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink File:Occupied_Tongzhou_by_IJA.JPG.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLink File:Survivor_of_Tungchow_Mutiny.JPG.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageWikiLinkText "Tungchow mutiny".
- Tungchow_mutiny c "暴戻支那膺懲".
- Tungchow_mutiny c "暴支膺懲".
- Tungchow_mutiny hasPhotoCollection Tungchow_mutiny.
- Tungchow_mutiny hp "Bōrei Shina Yōchō".
- Tungchow_mutiny hp "Bōshi Yōchō".
- Tungchow_mutiny links "no".
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Nihongo.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Ref_improve.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Tungchow_mutiny wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Zh.
- Tungchow_mutiny subject Category:1937_in_China.
- Tungchow_mutiny subject Category:Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_China.
- Tungchow_mutiny subject Category:Empire_of_Japan.
- Tungchow_mutiny subject Category:History_of_Beijing.
- Tungchow_mutiny subject Category:Massacres_in_China.
- Tungchow_mutiny subject Category:Second_Sino-Japanese_War.
- Tungchow_mutiny hypernym Assault.
- Tungchow_mutiny point "39.8 116.8".
- Tungchow_mutiny type MilitaryConflict.
- Tungchow_mutiny type SpatialThing.
- Tungchow_mutiny comment "The Tungchow mutiny (Japanese: 通州事件, Hepburn: Tsushu jiken, Chinese: 通州事件; pinyin: Tōngzhōu Shìjiàn), sometimes referred to as the Tongzhou Incident, was an assault on Japanese civilians and troops by East Hopei Army in Tongzhou, China on 29 July 1937 shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that marked the official beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.In early 1937, Tongzhou was capital of the East Hopei Government, a Japanese puppet state controlling the strategic eastern district of Beijing. ".
- Tungchow_mutiny label "Tungchow mutiny".
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs Tongzhou-Zwischenfall.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs Mutinerie_de_Tongzhou.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs 通州事件.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs Tongzhoumytteriet.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs m.0g_pmr.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs Мятеж_в_Тунчжоу.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs Q707956.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs Q707956.
- Tungchow_mutiny sameAs 通州事件.
- Tungchow_mutiny lat "39.8".
- Tungchow_mutiny long "116.8".
- Tungchow_mutiny wasDerivedFrom Tungchow_mutiny?oldid=671193426.
- Tungchow_mutiny depiction Occupied_Tongzhou_by_IJA.JPG.
- Tungchow_mutiny isPrimaryTopicOf Tungchow_mutiny.