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- Transmembrane_channels abstract "Transmembrane channels, also called membrane channels, are pores within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The channels are formed by large protein complexes that run across the membrane connecting the cytosol, or cytoplasm, to the extracellular matrix. Transmembrane channels are also found in the membranes of organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria and lysosome.Transmembrane channels differ from transporters and pumps in several ways; channels are not as selective as transporters and pumps, differentiating solutes primarily by size and ionic charge. Channels perform passive transport of materials also known as facilitated diffusion. Transporters can carry out either passive or active transfer of materials while pumps require energy to act.There are several modes by which membrane channels operate. The most common is the gated channel which requires a trigger, such as a change in membrane potential in voltage-gated channels, to unlock or lock the pore opening. Voltage-gated channels are critical to the production of an action potential in neurons resulting in a nerve impulse. A ligand-gated channel requires a chemical, such as a neurotransmitter, to activate the channel. Stress-gated channels require a mechanical force applied to the channel for opening. Aquaporins are dedicated channels for the movement of water across the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane.Ion channels are a type of transmembrane channel responsible for the passive transport of positively charged ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen and magnesium) and negatively charged ions (chloride) and, can be either gated or ligand-gated channels. One of the best studied ion channels is the potassium ion channel. The potassium ion channel can allow rapid movement of potassium ions while being selective against sodium. Using X-ray diffraction data and atomic model computations a likely structure of the channel consists of a number of protein alpha-helixes forming an hourglass shaped pore with the narrowest point halfway through the membrane's lipid bilayer. To move through the channel the potassium ions must shed their aqueous matrix and enter a selectivity filter composed of carbonyl oxygens. The potassium ions pass through one atom at a time along five different cation (positively charged ion) binding sites.Diseases caused by ion channel malfunctions include cystic fibrosis where the channel for the chloride ion will not open or is missing in the cells of the lungs, intestine, pancreas, liver and skin. The cells can no longer regulate salt and water concentrations resulting in the symptoms typical of the disease. Additional disorders resulting from malfunctions in ion channels include forms of epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, certain types of periodic paralysis and ataxia.".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageID "20227419".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageLength "3859".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageOutDegree "22".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageRevisionID "575312652".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Aquaporin.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Aquaporins.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Ataxia.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Cardiac_arrhythmia.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Category:Membrane_biology.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Cation.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Cell_membrane.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Cell_nucleus.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Cystic_fibrosis.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Cytoplasm.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Epilepsy.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Extracellular_matrix.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Facilitated_diffusion.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Ion_channel.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Ion_channels.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Ligand.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Lysosome.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Membrane_channel.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Membrane_channels.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Mitochondria.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Mitochondrion.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Multiprotein_complex.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Paralysis.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Passive_transport.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Potassium_channel.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLink Potassium_ion_channel.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLinkText "Transmembrane channels".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLinkText "channels".
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageWikiLinkText "transmembrane channels".
- Transmembrane_channels hasPhotoCollection Transmembrane_channels.
- Transmembrane_channels wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Transmembrane_channels subject Category:Membrane_biology.
- Transmembrane_channels type Biophysic.
- Transmembrane_channels comment "Transmembrane channels, also called membrane channels, are pores within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The channels are formed by large protein complexes that run across the membrane connecting the cytosol, or cytoplasm, to the extracellular matrix.".
- Transmembrane_channels label "Transmembrane channels".
- Transmembrane_channels sameAs m.04yg33j.
- Transmembrane_channels sameAs Q7834586.
- Transmembrane_channels sameAs Q7834586.
- Transmembrane_channels wasDerivedFrom Transmembrane_channels?oldid=575312652.
- Transmembrane_channels isPrimaryTopicOf Transmembrane_channels.