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- Terrestrial_ecosystem abstract "A terrestrial ecosystem is an ecosystem found only on landforms. Six primary terrestrial ecosystems exist: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland and desert.A community of organisms and their environment that occurs on the land masses of continents and islands. Terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from aquatic ecosystems by the lower availability of water and the consequent importance of water as a limiting factor. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by greater temperature fluctuations on both a diurnal and seasonal basis than occur in aquatic ecosystems in similar climates. The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems because the atmosphere is more transparent in land than in water. Gases are more available in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. Those gases include carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate for photosynthesis, oxygen that serves as a substrate in aerobic respiration, and nitrogen that serves as a substrate for nitrogen fixation. Terrestrial environments are segmented into a subterranean portion from which most water and ions are obtained, and an atmospheric portion from which gases are obtained and where the physical energy of light is transformed into the organic energy of carbon-carbon bonds through the process of photosynthesis.Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi² (144,150,000 km²), or 28.26% of Earth's surface. Although they are comparatively recent in the history of life (the first terrestrial organisms appeared in the Silurian period, about 425 million years ago) and occupy a much smaller portion of Earth's surface than marine ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems have been a major site of adaptive radiation of both plants and animals. Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about 275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about 500 species. Members of the division Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts), of which there are about 24,000 species, are also important in some terrestrial ecosystems. Major animal taxa in terrestrial ecosystems include the classes Insecta (insects) with about 900,000 species, Aves (birds) with 8,500 species, and Mammalia (mammals) with approximately 4,100 species.Organisms in terrestrial ecosystems have adaptations that allow them to obtain water when the entire body is no longer bathed in that fluid, means of transporting the water from limited sites of acquisition to the rest of the body, and means of preventing the evaporation of water from body surfaces. They also have traits that provide body support in the atmosphere, a much less buoyant medium than water, and other traits that render them capable of withstanding the extremes of temperature, wind, and humidity that characterize terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, the organisms in terrestrial ecosystems have evolved many methods of transporting gametes in environments where fluid flow is much less effective as a transport medium.The organisms in terrestrial ecosystems are integrated into a functional unit by specific, dynamic relationships due to the coupled processes of energy and chemical flow. Those relationships can be summarized by schematic diagrams of trophic webs, which place organisms according to their feeding relationships. The base of the food web is occupied by green plants, which are the only organisms capable of utilizing the energy of the Sun and inorganic nutrients obtained from the soil to produce organic molecules. Terrestrial food webs can be broken into two segments based on the status of the plant material that enters them. Grazing food webs are associated with the consumption of living plant material by herbivores. Detritus food webs are associated with the consumption of dead plant material by detritivores. The relative importance of those two types of food webs varies considerably in different types of terrestrial ecosystems. Grazing food webs are more important in grasslands, where over half of net primary productivity may be consumed by herbivores. Detritus food webs are more important in forests, where less than 5% of net primary productivity may be consumed by herbivores.There is one type of extensive terrestrial ecosystem due solely to human activities and eight types that are natural ecosystems. Those natural ecosystems reflect the variation of precipitation and temperature over Earth's surface. The smallest land areas are occupied by tundra and temperate grassland ecosystems, and the largest land area is occupied by tropical forest. The most productive ecosystems are temperate and tropical forests, and the least productive are deserts and tundras. Cultivated lands, which together with grasslands and savannas utilized for grazing are referred to as agroecosystems, are of intermediate extent and productivity. Because of both their areal extent and their high average productivity, tropical forests are the most productive of all terrestrial ecosystems, contributing 45% of total estimated net primary productivity on land.".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageID "30999091".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageLength "5994".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageOutDegree "27".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageRevisionID "676860458".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Adaptive_radiation.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Aquatic-terrestrial_subsidies.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Aquatic_ecosystem.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Aves.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Bird.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Bryophyte.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Buoyancy.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Buoyant.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ecosystems.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Community_(ecology).
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Desert.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Detritivore.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Detritivores.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Detritus.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Detritus_food_chain.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Diurnal_temperature_variation.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Flowering_plant.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Food_web.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Grassland.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Herbivore.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Herbivores.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Insect.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Insecta.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Limiting_factor.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Magnoliophyta.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Mammal.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Net_primary_productivity.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Pinophyta.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Plant_taxonomy.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Primary_production.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Silurian.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Silurian_period.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Taiga.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Temperate_deciduous_forest.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Tropical_rain_forest.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Tropical_rainforest.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLink Tundra.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLinkText "Terrestrial ecosystem".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLinkText "terrestrial ecosystem".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLinkText "terrestrial environment".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageWikiLinkText "terrestrial".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem hasPhotoCollection Terrestrial_ecosystem.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:One_source.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem subject Category:Ecosystems.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem hypernym Ecosystem.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem type Software.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem comment "A terrestrial ecosystem is an ecosystem found only on landforms. Six primary terrestrial ecosystems exist: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland and desert.A community of organisms and their environment that occurs on the land masses of continents and islands. Terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from aquatic ecosystems by the lower availability of water and the consequent importance of water as a limiting factor.".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem label "Terrestrial ecosystem".
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Təbii_zonalar.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Прыродная_зона.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Loodusvöönd.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Բնական_գոտիներ.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs m.0gg9286.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Ecosistem_terestru.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Природная_зона.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Природна_зона.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Q7703544.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem sameAs Q7703544.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem wasDerivedFrom Terrestrial_ecosystem?oldid=676860458.
- Terrestrial_ecosystem isPrimaryTopicOf Terrestrial_ecosystem.