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- Tenkō abstract "Tenkō (転向, literally, changing direction) is a Japanese term referring to the ideological reversal of numerous Japanese socialists who, between 1925 and 1945, renounced the left and (in many cases) embraced the "national community." Tenkō was performed especially under duress, most often in police custody, and was a condition for release (although surveillance and harassment would continue). But it was also a broader phenomenon, a kind of cultural reorientation in the face of national crisis, that did not always involve direct repression. For decades, the term served both narrowly as a moral litmus test in evaluating the careers of intellectuals active before and after the war and more broadly as a metaphor for the collective experience of an entire generation of Japanese. One of the most well known and consequential instances of Tenko came in June 1933, when Sano Manabu (1892—1953) and Nabeyama Sadachika (1901—1979), top figures in the Communist Party leadership, renounced their allegiance to the Comintern and the policy of violent revolution, embracing instead a Japan-specific mode of revolutionary change under imperial auspices, in reaction to the Soviet Union's use of the Comintern for its own power purposes against Germany and Japan.Their proclamation was followed by a wave of defections by the party rank and file and essentially signaled the demise of the party organization, except in exile. Tenkō described a change in ideological position on the part of former anti-government radicals who had undergone self-criticism and who had returned to the ideological position supported by the state.Patricia G. Steinhoff estimates "By 1943, of 2,440 persons prosecuted under the Peace Preservation Law, 51.1 percent had made a complete tenkō, 47.4 percent had made a partial tenkō, and only 1.5 percent had completely resisted (hitenkō).After the end of World War II, the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) was confronted with former members who claimed to have made tenkō under duress or to have made a sham (gisō) tenkō to get out of prison. The JCP accepted them back but continued to condemn tenkō.".
- Tenkō wikiPageID "17252243".
- Tenkō wikiPageLength "3461".
- Tenkō wikiPageOutDegree "27".
- Tenkō wikiPageRevisionID "664063885".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Category:Japanese_society.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Category:Politics_of_Japan.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Category:Socialism_in_Japan.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Comintern.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Communist_International.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Duress.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Hayashi_Fusao.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Ideology.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Japan.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Japanese_Communist_Party.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Japanese_dissidence_during_the_Shōwa_period.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Japanese_nationalism.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Japanese_people.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Litmus.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Litmus_test.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Militarism-Socialism_in_Showa_Japan.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Nabeyama_Sadachika.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Peace_Preservation_Law.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Political_repression_in_Imperial_Japan.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Sano_Manabu.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Self-criticism.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Socialism.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Socialist.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_Union.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Statism_in_Shōwa_Japan.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLink Yutaka_Haniya.
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "Tenkō".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "about-face on Socialism".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "coerced into recanting".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "ideological conversion".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "ideological reversal".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "recanting his political views".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "renounce their socialist beliefs".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "renounce".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "tenko".
- Tenkō wikiPageWikiLinkText "tenkō".
- Tenkō hasPhotoCollection Tenkō.
- Tenkō wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Tenkō wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Full.
- Tenkō wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Japan-history-stub.
- Tenkō wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Nihongo.
- Tenkō wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Tenkō subject Category:Japanese_society.
- Tenkō subject Category:Politics_of_Japan.
- Tenkō subject Category:Socialism_in_Japan.
- Tenkō type Thing.
- Tenkō comment "Tenkō (転向, literally, changing direction) is a Japanese term referring to the ideological reversal of numerous Japanese socialists who, between 1925 and 1945, renounced the left and (in many cases) embraced the "national community." Tenkō was performed especially under duress, most often in police custody, and was a condition for release (although surveillance and harassment would continue).".
- Tenkō label "Tenkō".
- Tenkō sameAs Tenkō.
- Tenkō sameAs Tenkō.
- Tenkō sameAs 転向.
- Tenkō sameAs m.043m1mh.
- Tenkō sameAs Q385691.
- Tenkō sameAs Q385691.
- Tenkō wasDerivedFrom Tenkō?oldid=664063885.
- Tenkō isPrimaryTopicOf Tenkō.