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- Supercritical_drying abstract "Supercritical drying is a process to remove liquid in a precise and controlled way. It is useful in the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), the drying of spices, the production of aerogel, the decaffeination of coffee and in the preparation of biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy.As the substance in a liquid body crosses the boundary from liquid to gas (see green arrow in phase diagram), the liquid changes into gas at a finite rate, while the amount of liquid decreases. When this happens within a heterogeneous environment, surface tension in the liquid body pulls against any solid structures the liquid might be in contact with. Delicate structures such as cell walls, the dendrites in silica gel, and the tiny machinery of microelectromechanical devices, tend to be broken apart by this surface tension as the liquid–gas–solid junction moves by.To avoid this, the sample can be brought via two possible alternate paths from the liquid phase to the gas phase without crossing the liquid–gas boundary on the phase diagram. In freeze-drying, this means going around to the left (low temperature, low pressure; blue arrow). However, some structures are disrupted even by the solid–gas boundary. Supercritical drying, on the other hand, goes around the line to the right, on the high-temperature, high-pressure side (red arrow). This route from liquid to gas does not cross any phase boundary, instead passing through the supercritical region, where the distinction between gas and liquid ceases to apply. Densities of the liquid phase and vapor phase become equal at critical point of drying.Fluids suitable for supercritical drying include carbon dioxide (critical point 304.25 K at 7.39 MPa or 31.1 °C at 1072 psi) and freon (≈300 K at 3.5–4 MPa or 25–0 °C at 500–600 psi). Nitrous oxide has similar physical behavior to carbon dioxide, but is a powerful oxidizer in its supercritical state. Supercritical water is inconvenient due to possible heat damage to a sample at its critical point temperature (647 K, 374 °C) and corrosiveness of water at such high temperatures and pressures (22.064 MPa, 3,212 psi).In most such processes, acetone is first used to wash away all water, exploiting the complete miscibility of these two fluids. The acetone is then washed away with high pressure liquid carbon dioxide, the industry standard now that freon is unavailable. The liquid carbon dioxide is then heated until its temperature goes beyond the critical point, at which time the pressure can be gradually released, allowing the gas to escape and leaving a dried product.".
- Supercritical_drying thumbnail Drying.svg?width=300.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageExternalLink MEMS_drying_system.html.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageExternalLink dryers_technique.html.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageID "2131428".
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageLength "4106".
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageOutDegree "33".
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageRevisionID "660751456".
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Acetone.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Aerogel.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Category:Industrial_processes.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Category:Microtechnology.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Cell_wall.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Celsius.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Critical_point_(thermodynamics).
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Decaffeination.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Freeze-drying.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Freon.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Kelvin.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Liquid.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Microelectromechanical_systems.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Miscibility.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Nitrous_oxide.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Oxidizer.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Oxidizing_agent.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Pascal_(unit).
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Phase_diagram.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Phase_transition.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Pound-force_per_square_inch.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Pounds_per_square_inch.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Properties_of_water.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Scanning_electron_microscope.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Silica_gel.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Spice.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Sublimation_(phase_transition).
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Supercritical_fluid.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Surface_tension.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink Vapor–liquid_equilibrium.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink File:Carbon_dioxide_pressure-temperature_phase_diagram.svg.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLink File:Drying.svg.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLinkText "Supercritical drying".
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageWikiLinkText "supercritical drying".
- Supercritical_drying hasPhotoCollection Supercritical_drying.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clear.
- Supercritical_drying wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Supercritical_drying subject Category:Industrial_processes.
- Supercritical_drying subject Category:Microtechnology.
- Supercritical_drying hypernym Process.
- Supercritical_drying type Election.
- Supercritical_drying type Process.
- Supercritical_drying type Science.
- Supercritical_drying comment "Supercritical drying is a process to remove liquid in a precise and controlled way.".
- Supercritical_drying label "Supercritical drying".
- Supercritical_drying sameAs Überkritische_Trocknung.
- Supercritical_drying sameAs Séchage_supercritique.
- Supercritical_drying sameAs 超臨界乾燥.
- Supercritical_drying sameAs Secagem_supercrítica.
- Supercritical_drying sameAs m.06p5sq.
- Supercritical_drying sameAs Q332585.
- Supercritical_drying sameAs Q332585.
- Supercritical_drying wasDerivedFrom Supercritical_drying?oldid=660751456.
- Supercritical_drying depiction Drying.svg.
- Supercritical_drying isPrimaryTopicOf Supercritical_drying.