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- Strom_Thurmond abstract "James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator from South Carolina. He ran for president in 1948 as the States Rights Democratic Party candidate, receiving 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes. Thurmond represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Democrat and, after 1964, as a Republican.A magnet for controversy during his nearly half-century Senate career, Thurmond switched parties because of his opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, disaffection with the liberalism of the national party, and his support for the conservatism of the Republican presidential candidate Senator Barry Goldwater. He left office as the only member of either house of Congress to reach the age of 100 while still in office, and as the oldest-serving and longest-serving senator in U.S. history (although he was later surpassed in length of service by Robert Byrd and Daniel Inouye). Thurmond holds the record as the longest-serving member of Congress to serve exclusively in the Senate. He is also the longest-serving Republican member of Congress in U.S. history. At 14 years, he was also the longest-serving Dean of the United States Senate in U.S. history.In opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1957, he conducted the longest filibuster ever by a lone senator, at 24 hours and 18 minutes in length, nonstop. In the 1960s, he opposed the civil rights legislation of 1964 and 1965 to end segregation and enforce the constitutional rights of African-American citizens, including suffrage. He always insisted he had never been a racist, but was opposed to excessive federal authority. He attributed the movement to practice constitutional rights to Communist agitators. In 1948, Thurmond stated: all the laws of Washington and all the bayonets of the Army cannot force the Negro into our homes, into our schools, our churches and our places of recreation and amusement.Starting in the 1970s, he moderated his position on race, but continued to defend his early segregationist campaigns on the basis of states' rights in the context of Southern society at the time. He never fully renounced his earlier viewpoints.Six months after Thurmond died in 2003, his mixed-race, grown daughter Essie Mae Washington-Williams revealed that he was her father. Her mother Carrie Butler had been 16 years old and working as his family's maid when she became involved with Thurmond, who was 22. Although Thurmond never publicly acknowledged Essie Mae Washington, he paid for her education at a historically black college and passed other money to her for some time. She said that she kept silent out of respect for her father and denied that the two had agreed that she would not reveal her connection to Thurmond. His children by his marriage eventually acknowledged her. Her name has since been added as one of his children to his memorial at the state capital.".
- Strom_Thurmond alias "Thurmond, James Strom".
- Strom_Thurmond almaMater Clemson_University.
- Strom_Thurmond award Bronze_Star_Medal.
- Strom_Thurmond award Croix_de_guerre_1939–1945_(France).
- Strom_Thurmond award European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal.
- Strom_Thurmond award Legion_of_Merit.
- Strom_Thurmond award Order_of_the_Crown_(Belgium).
- Strom_Thurmond award Purple_Heart.
- Strom_Thurmond award World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond battle Invasion_of_Normandy.
- Strom_Thurmond battle World_War_II.
- Strom_Thurmond birthDate "1902-12-05".
- Strom_Thurmond birthPlace Edgefield,_South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond birthPlace South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond birthPlace United_States.
- Strom_Thurmond birthYear "1902".
- Strom_Thurmond child Essie_Mae_Washington-Williams.
- Strom_Thurmond child Paul_Thurmond.
- Strom_Thurmond country United_States.
- Strom_Thurmond deathDate "2003-06-26".
- Strom_Thurmond deathPlace Edgefield,_South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond deathPlace South_Carolina.
- Strom_Thurmond deathPlace United_States.
- Strom_Thurmond deathYear "2003".
- Strom_Thurmond lieutenant George_Bell_Timmerman,_Jr..
- Strom_Thurmond militaryBranch United_States_Army_Reserve.
- Strom_Thurmond militaryRank Major_general_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond office "Member of theSouth Carolina SenatefromEdgefield County".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "103rdGovernor of South Carolina".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "President pro tempore of the United States Senate".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "United States Senator".
- Strom_Thurmond orderInOffice "fromSouth Carolina".
- Strom_Thurmond otherParty Dixiecrat.
- Strom_Thurmond party Democratic_Party_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond party Republican_Party_(United_States).
- Strom_Thurmond predecessor Charles_E._Daniel.
- Strom_Thurmond predecessor Ransome_Judson_Williams.
- Strom_Thurmond predecessor Robert_Byrd.
- Strom_Thurmond predecessor Thomas_A._Wofford.
- Strom_Thurmond predecessor Warren_Magnuson.
- Strom_Thurmond profession Lawyer.
- Strom_Thurmond profession Teacher.
- Strom_Thurmond religion Southern_Baptist_Convention.
- Strom_Thurmond serviceEndYear "1964".
- Strom_Thurmond serviceStartYear "1924".
- Strom_Thurmond signature "Strom Thumond Signature.svg".
- Strom_Thurmond spouse United_States_presidential_election,_1960.
- Strom_Thurmond spouse United_States_presidential_election,_1968.
- Strom_Thurmond successor James_F._Byrnes.
- Strom_Thurmond successor John_C._Stennis.
- Strom_Thurmond successor Lindsey_Graham.
- Strom_Thurmond successor Robert_Byrd.
- Strom_Thurmond successor Thomas_A._Wofford.
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- Strom_Thurmond thumbnail Strom_Thurmond.jpg?width=300.
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- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageExternalLink sti.clemson.edu.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageExternalLink Nadine+Cohodas.aspx.
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- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink 1968_Republican_National_Convention.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink 82nd_Airborne_Division.
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- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink Adlai_Stevenson_II.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954–68).
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955–68).
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink Al_Sharpton.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Watson_(South_Carolina).
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_v._Holmes_County_Board_of_Education.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink All-white_jury.
- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink American_Civil_Liberties_Union.
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- Strom_Thurmond wikiPageWikiLink Assassination_of_President_Kennedy.
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