Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange> ?p ?o }
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange abstract "Static force fields are fields, such as a simple electric, magnetic or gravitational fields, that exist without excitations. The most common approximation method that physicists use for scattering calculations can be interpreted as static forces arising from the interactions between two bodies mediated by virtual particles, particles that exist for only a short time determined by the uncertainty principle. The virtual particles, also known as force carriers, are bosons, with different bosons associated with each force.The virtual-particle description of static forces is capable of identifying the spatial form of the forces, such as the inverse-square behavior in Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Coulomb's law. It is also able to predict whether the forces are attractive or repulsive for like bodies.The path integral formulation is the natural language for describing force carriers. This article uses the path integral formulation to describe the force carriers for spin 0, 1, and 2 fields. Pions, photons, and gravitons fall into these respective categories.There are limits to the validity of the virtual particle picture. The virtual-particle formulation is derived from a method known as perturbation theory which is an approximation assuming interactions are not too strong, and was intended for scattering problems, not bound states such as atoms. For the strong force binding quarks into nucleons at low energies, perturbation theory has never been shown to yield results in accord with experiments, thus, the validity of the "force-mediating particle" picture is questionable. Similarly, for bound states the method fails. In these cases the physical interpretation must be re-examined. As an example, the calculations of atomic structure in atomic physics or of molecular structure in quantum chemistry could not easily be repeated, if at all, using the "force-mediating particle" picture.The "force-mediating particle" picture (FMPP) is used because the classical two-body interaction (Coulomb's law for example), depending on six spatial dimensions, is incompatible with the Lorentz invariance of Dirac's equation. The use of the FMPP is unnecessary in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, and Coulomb's law is used as given in atomic physics and quantum chemistry to calculate both bound and scattering states. A nonperturbative relativistic quantum theory, in which Lorentz invariance is preserved, is achievable by evaluating Coulomb's law as a 4-space interaction using the 3-space position vector of a reference electron obeying Dirac's equation and the quantum trajectory of a second electron which depends only on the scaled time ct. The quantum trajectory of each electron in an ensemble is inferred from the Dirac current for each electron by setting it equal to a velocity field times a quantum density, calculating a position field from the time integral of the velocity field, and finally calculating a quantum trajectory from the expectation value of the position field. The quantum trajectories are of course spin dependent, and the theory can be validated by checking that Pauli's Exclusion Principle is obeyed for a collection of fermions.".
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- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Action_(physics).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Action_at_a_distance.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Action_at_a_distance_(physics).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Adiabatic_process.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Angular_momentum.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Ansatz.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Bessel_function.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Boltzmann_constant.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Boltzmanns_constant.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Boson.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Bound_state.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Category:Quantum_field_theory.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_potential.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Common_integrals_in_quantum_field_theory.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Confluent_hypergeometric_function.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Coulomb_force.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Coulombs_law.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Cyclotron_frequency.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Cyclotron_resonance.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Darwin_Lagrangian.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Debye_length.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Debye–Hückel_equation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Degenerate_energy_level.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Degenerate_energy_levels.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Density.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Dirac_delta_function.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Dispersion_relation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electric_field.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electric_potential.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_electron_wave.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_field.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_radiation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_wave.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetism.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electron_charge.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electron_gas.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electron_mass.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electron_rest_mass.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Electrostatic_field.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Elementary_charge.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_energy.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Field_(physics).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Fine-structure_constant.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Force_carrier.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Fractional_quantum_Hall_effect.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Free_electron_model.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Gaussian_units.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Gravitational_constant.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Gravitational_field.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Graviton.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Guiding_center.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Gyroradius.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Hall_current.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Hall_effect.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Hamiltonian_operator.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Helmholtz_decomposition.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Hideki_Yukawa.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink International_System_of_Units.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Isothermal_process.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Klein–Gordon_equation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Kummer_function.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Kummers_function.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Lagrangian_(field_theory).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Landau_level.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Landau_levels.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Landau_quantization.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Larmor_radius.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Laughlin_wavefunction.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Lorenz_gauge.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Lorenz_gauge_condition.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Natural_units.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Newtons_law_of_universal_gravitation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Nucleon.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Path_integral_formulation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Perturbation_theory.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Photon.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Pion.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Plasma_(physics).
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Plasma_frequency.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Plasma_oscillation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Plasma_wave.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Plasmon.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Plasmons.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Poissons_equation.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Potential_energy.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Proca_action.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Propagator.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_Hall_effect.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_number.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Quark.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Quasiparticle.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink Retarded_potential.
- Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange wikiPageWikiLink SI_units.