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- Spanish_Texas abstract "Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of New Spain from 1690 until 1821. Although Spain claimed ownership of the territory, which comprised part of the modern-day U.S. state of Texas, including the land north of the Medina and Nueces Rivers, the Spanish did not attempt to colonize the area until after locating evidence of the failed French colony of Fort Saint Louis in 1689. In 1690, Alonso de León escorted several Catholic missionaries to east Texas, where they established the first mission in Texas. When native tribes resisted the Spanish presence, the missionaries returned to Mexico, abandoning Texas for the next two decades.The Spanish returned to east Texas in 1716, establishing several missions and a presidio to maintain a buffer between Spanish territory and the French territory of Louisiana. Two years later, the first civilian settlement in Texas, San Antonio, was established as a way station between the missions and the next-nearest existing settlement. The new town quickly became a target for raids by the Lipan Apache.The raids continued periodically for almost three decades, until in 1749 the Spanish and the Lipan Apache made peace. But the treaty angered the enemies of the Apache and resulted in raids on Spanish settlements by the Comanche, Tonkawa, and Hasinai tribes. Fear of Indian attacks and the remoteness of the area from the rest of the Viceroyalty discouraged settlers from moving to Texas; it remained one of the least-populated provinces. The threat of attacks did not decrease until 1785, when Spain and the Comanche made a peace agreement. The Comanche tribe later assisted in defeating the Lipan Apache and Karankawa tribes, who had continued to cause difficulties for settlers. An increase in the number of missions in the province allowed for a peaceful Christian conversion of other tribes, and by the end of the 18th century, only a few of the hunting and gathering tribes in the area had not been Christianized.France formally relinquished its claim to Texas in 1762, when French Louisiana was ceded to Spain. The inclusion of Louisiana into New Spain meant that Texas was no longer essentially a buffer province; and the easternmost Texas settlements were disbanded, with the population relocating to San Antonio. In 1799, however, Spain gave Louisiana back to France, and shortly thereafter Napoleon sold the territory to the United States. U.S. President Thomas Jefferson insisted that the purchase included all land to the east of the Rocky Mountains and to the north of the Rio Grande. The dispute was not resolved until 1819, when Spain traded Florida to the United States in return for recognition of the Sabine River as Texas's eastern boundary.During the Mexican War of Independence from 1810–1821, Texas experienced much turmoil. Governor Manuel María de Salcedo was overthrown by rebels in 1810, but persuaded his jailer to release him and assist him in organizing a counter-coup. Three years later, the Republican Army of the North, consisting primarily of Indians and Americans, again overthrew the Texas government and executed Salcedo. The Spanish response was brutal, and by 1820 fewer than 2000 Hispanic citizens remained in Texas. Spain was forced to relinquish its control of New Spain in 1821, with Texas becoming a province of the newly formed nation of Mexico, leading to the period in Texas history known as Mexican Texas.The Spanish left a deep mark on Texas. Their European livestock caused mesquite to spread inland while farmers tilled and irrigated the land, changing the landscape forever. The Spanish language provided the names for many of the rivers, towns, and counties that currently exist, and Spanish architectural concepts still flourish. Although Texas eventually adopted much of the Anglo-American legal system, many Spanish legal practices were retained, including the concept of a homestead exemption and community property.".
- Spanish_Texas thumbnail Spanish_explorations_in_Texas.jpg?width=300.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageID "2050142".
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageLength "75895".
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageOutDegree "284".
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageRevisionID "683628098".
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Adams–Onís_Treaty.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Agustín_de_Iturbide.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Alamo_Mission_in_San_Antonio.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Alonso_de_León.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Alonso_Álvarez_de_Pineda.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink American_Revolution.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Angelina_River.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Anthony_of_Padua.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Antonio_Gil_YBarbo.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Apache.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Appalachian_Mountains.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Arizona.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Arkansas_River.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Atakapa.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Attakapa.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Austria.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Medina.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Bernardo_Gutiérrez_de_Lara.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Bernardo_de_Gálvez.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Bidai.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Biloxi,_Mississippi.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Biloxi_Bay.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Caddo.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Canary_Islands.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Carlos_II.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Castilian_Spanish.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:1821_disestablishments.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Colonial_Mexico.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Colonial_United_States_(Spanish).
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Former_regions_and_territories_of_the_United_States.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:New_Spain.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pre-statehood_history_of_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Spanish_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1690.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Cayetano_Pignatelli,_3rd_Marquis_of_Rubi.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Cayetano_Pignatelli,_3rd_Marquis_of_Rubí.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Charles_III_of_Spain.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Charles_II_of_Spain.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Charles_IV_of_Spain.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Christianity.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Christianization.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Christianized.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Civilian.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Coahuila.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Coahuila_y_Tejas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Coahuiltecan.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Coahuiltecan_languages.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Coahuiltecan_people.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Colorado_River_(Texas).
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Comanche.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Comancheria.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Commandancy_General_of_the_Provincias_Internas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Community_property.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Cushing,_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Cádiz.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Damián_Massanet.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Diego_Ortiz_Parrilla.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Domingo_Ramón.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Domingo_Terán_de_los_Ríos.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Drainage_basin.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Dutch_Republic.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink East_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink El_Paso.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink El_Paso,_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Excommunicated.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Excommunication.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Florida.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Fort_Saint_Louis_(Texas).
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Franciscan.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Francisco_Hidalgo.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink French_colonization_of_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink French_colonization_of_the_Americas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Frigate.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Frio_River.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Galveston_Bay.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Galveston_Island.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Goliad,_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Guadalupe_River_(Texas).
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Guerrero,_Coahuila.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_Coast.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Gutiérrez–Magee_Expedition.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Hasinai.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Havana.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Hidalgo_(Spanish_nobility).
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Hidalgo_(nobility).
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Galveston,_Texas.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Homestead_exemption.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Hunter-gatherer.
- Spanish_Texas wikiPageWikiLink Idaho.