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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece abstract "The second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC) occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece. The invasion was a direct, if delayed, response to the defeat of the first Persian invasion of Greece (492–490 BC) at the Battle of Marathon, which ended Darius I's attempts to subjugate Greece. After Darius's death, his son Xerxes spent several years planning for the second invasion, mustering an enormous army and navy. The Athenians and Spartans led the Greek resistance, with some 70 city-states joining the 'Allied' effort. However, most of the Greek cities remained neutral or submitted to Xerxes.The invasion began in spring 480 BC, when the Persian army crossed the Hellespont and marched through Thrace and Macedon to Thessaly. The Persian advance was blocked at the pass of Thermopylae by a small Allied force under King Leonidas I of Sparta; simultaneously, the Persian fleet was blocked by an Allied fleet at the straits of Artemisium. At the famous Battle of Thermopylae, the Allied army held back the Persian army for seven days, before they were outflanked by a mountain path and the Allied rearguard was trapped in the pass and annihilated. The Allied fleet had also withstood two days of Persian attacks at the Battle of Artemisium, but when news reached them of the disaster at Thermopylae, they withdrew to Salamis.After Thermopylae, all of Boeotia and Attica fell to the Persian army, who captured and burnt Athens. However, a larger Allied army fortified the narrow Isthmus of Corinth, protecting the Peloponnesus from Persian conquest. Both sides thus sought a naval victory that might decisively alter the course of the war. The Athenian general Themistocles succeeded in luring the Persian navy into the narrow Straits of Salamis, where the huge number of Persian ships became disorganised, and were soundly beaten by the Allied fleet. The Allied victory at Salamis prevented a quick conclusion to the invasion, and fearing becoming trapped in Europe, Xerxes retreated to Asia leaving his general Mardonius to finish the conquest with the elite of the army.The following spring, the Allies assembled the largest ever hoplite army, and marched north from the isthmus to confront Mardonius. At the ensuing Battle of Plataea, the Greek infantry again proved its superiority, inflicting a severe defeat on the Persians, killing Mardonius in the process. On the same day, across the Aegean Sea an Allied navy destroyed the remnants of the Persian navy at the Battle of Mycale. With this double defeat, the invasion was ended, and Persian power in the Aegean severely dented. The Greeks would now move to the offensive, eventually expelling the Persians from Europe, the Aegean islands and Ionia before the war finally came to an end in 479 BC.".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece combatant "Greek city states includingAthensandSparta".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece combatant "Persian Empire".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Artemisia_I_of_Caria.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Eurybiades.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Hydarnes_II.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Leonidas_I.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Leotychidas.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Mardonius.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Pausanias_(general).
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Themistocles.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece commander Xerxes_I.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece isPartOfMilitaryConflict Greco-Persian_Wars.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece place Greece.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece result "Decisive Greek victory".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "1,000 Phocians".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "1,181,400 men (including marines and oarsmen aboard the Persian triremes and supply ships)".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "1,207 triremes".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "10,000 Spartans (including Leonidas' bodyguard of 300)".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "100,000 infantry from Scythia, Thrace, and other Balkan territories controlled by Persia".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "142,235 men".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "20,000 Arabcamelryand Libyancharioteers".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "200,000 infantry fromMedia, Cissia,India, and other Asian provinces".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "3,000galleysand transport ships".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "30,000 Greeks from other city-states".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "36,210 marines supplied from the Persians, Medes, and Cissians".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "4,207 ships".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "400 Thebans".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "471 triremes".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "471triremes".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "5,000 Corinthians".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "50,000 Persian troops (including 10,000 cavalry and King Xerxes' bodyguard of 10,000Immortals)".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "60,000 cavalry".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "700 Thespians".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "7065 marines".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "715,190 oarsmen".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "8,000 Athenians".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "80,070 oarsmen".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "Land forces:".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "Sea forces:".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece strength "Total:".
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece thumbnail Battle_of_Thermopylae_and_movements_to_Salamis,_480_BC.gif?width=300.
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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Abydos_(Hellespont).
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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Egypt.
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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Artaphernes_(son_of_Artaphernes).
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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Balochistan_(Pakistan).
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Artemisium.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Marathon.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Mycale.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Plataea.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Salamis.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Sepeia.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Thermopylae.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Bibliotheca_historica.
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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Boeotia.
- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Bottiaea.
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- Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece wikiPageWikiLink Bottiaeans.