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- Robert_Austrian abstract "Robert Austrian (Baltimore, 12 April 1916 - Philadelphia, 25 March 2007) was an American infectious diseases physician and, along with Maxwell Finland, one of the 2 most important researchers into the biology of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the 20th century.Austrian received his MD from Johns Hopkins University and did his fellowships in Infectious Diseases at Johns Hopkins and New York University. He went on to found the Infectious Diseases division and fellowship program at the University of Pennsylvania and was chairman of the department of research medicine there from 1962-1986.Austrian’s awards include the Maxwell Finland plenary lecture at the Infectious Diseases Society of America annual session in 1974. entitled “Random gleanings from a life with the pneumococcus” and the 1978 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award. His Lasker award was for the development and clear demonstration of the efficacy of a purified vaccine of capsular polysaccharides in the prevention of pneumococcal disease. Prior to the Austrian polysaccharide vaccine scientists had prepared simpler whole bacteria and capsular polysaccharide vaccines but they were not accepted as standard of care by the medical community. Several medical authorities touted this era as “the end of infectious diseases” due to the remarkable mortality benefits derived from new antimicrobials and anti-parasitics and vaccine research was not thought to be worthwhile.When antibiotics came into use for the cure of pneumococcal infections in the 1950s and 60s, further pneumococcal vaccine development was abandoned. Austrian chose to focus on prevention rather than antibiotic treatment of this debilitating disease. Beginning with surveillance studies which he conducted revealed that despite antibiotic therapy, there were still, in the 1960s, almost half as many deaths from pneumonia in the United States as there were at the turn of the century. Austrian also established that persons over 50 years of age, and those with chronic debilitating diseases were the largest group at risk. Austrian established a tremendous knowledge base of pneumococcal biology. He analyzed 83 known types of pneumococci, and determined 14 types were responsible for 80% of invasive pneumococcal infections in man, and that the outer coatings or capsules of these organisms should be included in an effective vaccine. Austrian then devised a multi-valent polysaccharide vaccine and then played a major role in the successful clinical trials which resulted in its licensure.His Lasker award reads as follows “For his persistent, dedicated efforts which permitted the development of a vaccine that soon may significantly reduce human disease caused by the pneumococcus, this Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award is given.”Robert Austrian also gives rise to the medical eponym "Austrian syndrome" which describes the clinical syndrome of pneumococcal meningitis, pneumonia and endocarditis, after his 1957 paper in Archives of Internal Medicine.".
- Robert_Austrian birthDate "1916-04-12".
- Robert_Austrian birthYear "1916".
- Robert_Austrian deathDate "2007-03-25".
- Robert_Austrian deathYear "2007".
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageExternalLink bal-md.ob.austrian29mar29,0,1688184.story?coll=bal-news-obituaries.
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- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Antibiotic.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Antibiotics.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Archives_of_Internal_Medicine.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Austrian_syndrome.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Baltimore.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:1916_births.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:2007_deaths.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_medical_researchers.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_physicians.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:Johns_Hopkins_University_alumni.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:Members_of_the_United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Baltimore,_Maryland.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Pennsylvania_faculty.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Doctor_of_Medicine.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Endocarditis.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Infection.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Infectious_Diseases_Society_of_America.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Infectious_diseases.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink JAMA_Internal_Medicine.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Johns_Hopkins_University.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Lasker-DeBakey_Clinical_Medical_Research_Award.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Maxwell_Finland.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Meningitis.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink New_York_University.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Physician.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Pneumococcal_disease.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Pneumococcal_vaccine.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Pneumonia.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Streptococcus_pneumoniae.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Pennsylvania.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLink Vaccine.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageWikiLinkText "Robert Austrian".
- Robert_Austrian dateOfBirth "1916-04-12".
- Robert_Austrian dateOfDeath "2007-03-25".
- Robert_Austrian hasPhotoCollection Robert_Austrian.
- Robert_Austrian name "Austrian, Robert".
- Robert_Austrian shortDescription "American infectious diseases physician".
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Robert_Austrian wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:No_footnotes.
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- Robert_Austrian description "American infectious diseases physician".
- Robert_Austrian description "American infectious diseases physician".
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:1916_births.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:2007_deaths.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:American_medical_researchers.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:American_physicians.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:Johns_Hopkins_University_alumni.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:Members_of_the_United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:People_from_Baltimore,_Maryland.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:People_from_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania.
- Robert_Austrian subject Category:University_of_Pennsylvania_faculty.
- Robert_Austrian hypernym Physician.
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- Robert_Austrian type Article.
- Robert_Austrian type Biologist.
- Robert_Austrian type Person.
- Robert_Austrian type Scientist.
- Robert_Austrian type Article.
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- Robert_Austrian type Member.
- Robert_Austrian type Scientist.
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- Robert_Austrian type Q215627.
- Robert_Austrian type Q5.
- Robert_Austrian type Person.
- Robert_Austrian comment "Robert Austrian (Baltimore, 12 April 1916 - Philadelphia, 25 March 2007) was an American infectious diseases physician and, along with Maxwell Finland, one of the 2 most important researchers into the biology of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the 20th century.Austrian received his MD from Johns Hopkins University and did his fellowships in Infectious Diseases at Johns Hopkins and New York University.".
- Robert_Austrian label "Robert Austrian".
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- Robert_Austrian wasDerivedFrom Robert_Austrian?oldid=659983965.
- Robert_Austrian givenName "Robert".
- Robert_Austrian isPrimaryTopicOf Robert_Austrian.
- Robert_Austrian name "Austrian, Robert".
- Robert_Austrian name "Robert Austrian".
- Robert_Austrian surname "Austrian".