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- Refusenik abstract "Refusenik (Russian: отказник, otkaznik, from "отказ", otkaz "refusal") was an unofficial term for individuals, typically but not exclusively Soviet Jews, who were denied permission to emigrate by the authorities of the former Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc. The term refusenik is derived from the "refusal" handed down to a prospective emigrant from the Soviet authorities.In addition to the Jews, broader categories included:Other ethnicities, such as Volga Germans attempting to leave for Germany, Armenians wanting to join their diaspora, and Greeks forcibly removed by Stalin from Crimea and other southern lands to Siberia.Members of persecuted religious groups, such as the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, Baptists and other Protestant groups, Russian Mennonites, and Jehovah's Witnesses.A typical pretext to deny emigration was the real and alleged association with state secrets.As a rule, Soviet dissidents and refuseniks were fired from their workplaces and denied employment according to their major specialty. As a result, they had to find a menial job, such as a street sweeper, or face imprisonment on charges of social parasitism.The ban on Jewish immigration to Israel was lifted in 1971 leading to the 1970s Soviet Union aliyah. The coming to power of Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s, and his policies of glasnost and perestroika, as well as a desire for better relations with the West, led to major changes, and most refuseniks were allowed to emigrate.Over time, "refusenik" has entered colloquial English for a person who refuses to do something, especially by way of protest.".
- Refusenik thumbnail Soviet_Exit_Visa_Forever.jpg?width=300.
- Refusenik wikiPageID "640841".
- Refusenik wikiPageLength "12087".
- Refusenik wikiPageOutDegree "75".
- Refusenik wikiPageRevisionID "675156938".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink 1970s_Soviet_Union_aliyah.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Aliyah.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Antisemitism.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Antonov_An-2.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Armenians.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Balseros.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Balseros_(rafters).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Capital_punishment.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aliyah.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cold_War_terminology.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Eastern_Bloc.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Israel.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Israel–Soviet_Union_relations.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Jewish_Russian_and_Soviet_history.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Political_repression_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Refuseniks.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Soviet_Jews.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Soviet_Union–United_States_relations.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Category:Soviet_phraseology.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Chaim_Potok.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Cold_War.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Crimea.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Criminal_code.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink David_Shrayer-Petrov.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Death_sentence.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Defection.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Diaspora.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Dissident.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Bloc.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Bloc_emigration_and_defection.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_bloc.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Eduard_Kuznetsov.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Exit_visa.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Fear_No_Evil_(book).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink File:19730110_Soviet_refuseniks_demonstrate_at_MVD.jpg.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Glasnost.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Greeks.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Hebrew_language.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Herman_Branover.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink High_treason.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Human_rights.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Iosif_Begun.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Jackson-Vanik_amendment.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Jackson–Vanik_amendment.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Jehovahs_Witnesses.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Laura_Bialis.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Lishkat_Hakesher.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink MVD.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Mikhail_Gorbachev.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Moscow_Helsinki_Group.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Movement_to_Free_Soviet_Jewry.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Natan_Sharansky.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink National_security.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Nativ.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Parasitism_(social_offense).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Penal_code.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Perestroika.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Priozersk.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Refusenik_(2008_film).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Refusenik_(film).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Mennonite.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Mennonites.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Rzhevka_Airport.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Petersburg.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Six-Day_War.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Social_parasitism.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_Jews.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_Union.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_dissidents.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Torah.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Ukrainian_Greek-Catholic_Church.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Union_of_Evangelical_Christians-Baptists_of_Russia.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Visa_(document).
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Volga_German.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Volga_Germans.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Yosef_Mendelevitch.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink Zionism.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLink File:Soviet_Exit_Visa_Forever.jpg.
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "''refusenik''s".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "Asirei Zion".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "Refusenik".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "Refusniks".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "Soviet Jewish refuseniks".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "Soviet Jews".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "denied permission to leave".
- Refusenik wikiPageWikiLinkText "freedom of Soviet Jewry".