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- Ray_Jardine abstract "Ray Jardine (born 1944) is an American rock climber who, with Bill Price, in May 1979, was the first to free climb the West Face of El Capitan in Yosemite Valley. Jardine is noted for inventing and developing the spring-loaded camming devices called Friends that revolutionized rock climbing in the late 1970s. He began his climbing career in 1963 in the Tetons, climbed in Eldorado Canyon State Park near Boulder, Colorado during the 1960s, and became active in Yosemite around 1970. During the 1970s he pioneered a number of Yosemite routes harder than had done before, up to the grade of 5.12, including the first ascent of The Phoenix (5.13a) in 1977.In 1996 he discussed ideas related to backpacking with the publication of his Pacific Crest Trail Hikers Handbook, which advocated hiking the entire Pacific Crest Trail in a much shorter time, using homemade lightweight gear and techniques including early start times with longer days and more mileage at a slower pace. The book was revised and retitled in 1999 as Beyond Backpacking, and revised and retitled again in 2009 as Trail Life.His techniques were initially considered radical and risky by mainstream commentators. At the core of his philosophy was a primary focus on limiting the weight carried by a hiker. He advocated replacing one's tent with a tarpaulin, sleeping bag with a blanket, and using the post office to carry gear not needed for a trail segment. He recommended that a hiker make most of his or her own gear.More recently, lightweight backpacking techniques with less than 25 pounds of gear (before consumables such as food, water and fuel) are becoming increasingly popular, and ultralight backpacking (less than 12 pounds base weight) is gaining acceptance by many. These techniques are often criticized for the lack of durability of some equipment or for being unsafe, but experienced users find the same practicality with less material. A smaller yet notable market for super-ultralight techniques (less than 5 pounds base weight) is also gaining popularity, but not used by a majority of hikers.".
- Ray_Jardine birthDate "1944".
- Ray_Jardine birthYear "1944".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageExternalLink www.rayjardine.com.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageID "887154".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageLength "3009".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageOutDegree "21".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageRevisionID "683054429".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Backpacking_(wilderness).
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Blanket.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Boulder,_Colorado.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Category:1944_births.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_rock_climbers.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hikers.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Living_people.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink El_Capitan.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Eldorado_Canyon_State_Park.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Free_climbing.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Grade_(climbing).
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Pacific_Crest_Trail.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Rock_climbing.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Sleeping_bag.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Spring-loaded_camming_device.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Tarpaulin.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Tent.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Teton_Range.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Tetons.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Ultralight_backpacking.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLink Yosemite_Valley.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLinkText "Jardine, Ray".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageWikiLinkText "Ray Jardine".
- Ray_Jardine dateOfBirth "1944".
- Ray_Jardine hasPhotoCollection Ray_Jardine.
- Ray_Jardine name "Jardine, Ray".
- Ray_Jardine shortDescription "American rock climber".
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Ray_Jardine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Ray_Jardine description "American rock climber".
- Ray_Jardine description "American rock climber".
- Ray_Jardine subject Category:1944_births.
- Ray_Jardine subject Category:American_rock_climbers.
- Ray_Jardine subject Category:Hikers.
- Ray_Jardine subject Category:Living_people.
- Ray_Jardine hypernym Climber.
- Ray_Jardine type Agent.
- Ray_Jardine type Article.
- Ray_Jardine type List.
- Ray_Jardine type Person.
- Ray_Jardine type Article.
- Ray_Jardine type Competitor.
- Ray_Jardine type List.
- Ray_Jardine type Person.
- Ray_Jardine type Agent.
- Ray_Jardine type NaturalPerson.
- Ray_Jardine type Thing.
- Ray_Jardine type Q215627.
- Ray_Jardine type Q5.
- Ray_Jardine type Person.
- Ray_Jardine comment "Ray Jardine (born 1944) is an American rock climber who, with Bill Price, in May 1979, was the first to free climb the West Face of El Capitan in Yosemite Valley. Jardine is noted for inventing and developing the spring-loaded camming devices called Friends that revolutionized rock climbing in the late 1970s. He began his climbing career in 1963 in the Tetons, climbed in Eldorado Canyon State Park near Boulder, Colorado during the 1960s, and became active in Yosemite around 1970.".
- Ray_Jardine label "Ray Jardine".
- Ray_Jardine sameAs Ray_Jardine.
- Ray_Jardine sameAs m.03lvyy.
- Ray_Jardine sameAs Q1675140.
- Ray_Jardine sameAs Q1675140.
- Ray_Jardine wasDerivedFrom Ray_Jardine?oldid=683054429.
- Ray_Jardine givenName "Ray".
- Ray_Jardine isPrimaryTopicOf Ray_Jardine.
- Ray_Jardine name "Jardine, Ray".
- Ray_Jardine name "Ray Jardine".
- Ray_Jardine surname "Jardine".