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- Properties_of_concrete abstract "Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength, and as such is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). The elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops. Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep.Tests can be made to ensure the properties of concrete correspond to specifications for the application. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). As a result, without compensating, concrete would almost always fail from tensile stresses – even when loaded in compression. The practical implication of this is that concrete elements subjected to tensile stresses must be reinforced with materials that are strong in tension.Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete. The reinforcement is often steel, rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available. Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress) using internal steel cables (tendons), allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete alone. Inspection of existing concrete structures can be non-destructive if carried out with equipment such as a Schmidt hammer, which is sometimes used to estimate relative concrete strengths in the field.The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the water-cementitious ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed. All things being equal, concrete with a lower water-cement (cementitious) ratio makes a stronger concrete than that with a higher ratio. The total quantity of cementitious materials (portland cement, slag cement, pozzolans) can affect strength, water demand, shrinkage, abrasion resistance and density. All concrete will crack independent of whether or not it has sufficient compressive strength. In fact, high Portland cement content mixtures can actually crack more readily due to increased hydration rate. As concrete transforms from its plastic state, hydrating to a solid, the material undergoes shrinkage. Plastic shrinkage cracks can occur soon after placement but if the evaporation rate is high they often can actually occur during finishing operations, for example in hot weather or a breezy day.In very high-strength concrete mixtures (greater than 70 MPa) the crushing strength of the aggregate can be a limiting factor to the ultimate compressive strength. In lean concretes (with a high water-cement ratio) the crushing strength of the aggregates is not so significant. The internal forces in common shapes of structure, such as arches, vaults, columns and walls are predominantly compressive forces, with floors and pavements subjected to tensile forces. Compressive strength is widely used for specification requirement and quality control of concrete. Engineers know their target tensile (flexural) requirements and will express these in terms of compressive strength.Wired.com reported on April 13, 2007 that a team from the University of Tehran, competing in a contest sponsored by the American Concrete Institute, demonstrated several blocks of concretes with abnormally high compressive strengths between 340 and 410 MPa (49,000 and 59,000 psi) at 28 days. The blocks appeared to use an aggregate of steel fibres and quartz – a mineral with a compressive strength of 1100 MPa, much higher than typical high-strength aggregates such as granite (100–140 MPa or 15,000–20,000 psi). Reactive Powder Concrete, also known as Ultra-High Performance Concrete, can be even stronger, with strengths of up to 800 MPa (116,000 PSI). These are made by eliminating large aggregate completely, carefully controlling the size of the fine aggregates to ensure the best possible packing, and incorporating steel fibers (sometimes produced by grinding steel wool) into the matrix. Reactive Powder Concretes may also make use of silica fume as a fine aggregate. Commercial Reactive Powder Concretes are available in the 170–210 MPa (25,000–30,000 psi) strength range.".
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink AASHTO.
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials.
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Compressive_strength.
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Creep_(deformation).
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Fiber-reinforced_concrete.
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Limiting_factor.
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Nondestructive_testing.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Pervious_concrete.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Portland_cement.
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Second_Avenue_Subway.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Segregation_in_concrete.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Slag_cement.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Span_(architecture).
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- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Structural_design.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Structural_engineering.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Tensile_strength.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Tensile_stress.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Thermal_conductivity.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Thermal_expansion.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Ultimate_tensile_strength.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Tehran.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Vault_(architecture).
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink Yankee_Stadium.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink File:Concrete_Compression_Testing.jpg.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink File:Failed_Concrete_Cylinder.jpg.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLink File:Salginatobelbruecke_suedost_unten.jpg.
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLinkText "Concrete".
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLinkText "Properties of concrete".
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLinkText "lean concrete".
- Properties_of_concrete wikiPageWikiLinkText "properties of concrete".
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- Properties_of_concrete subject Category:Concrete.
- Properties_of_concrete comment "Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength, and as such is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). The elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops. Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks.".
- Properties_of_concrete label "Properties of concrete".
- Properties_of_concrete sameAs m.09gfjtn.
- Properties_of_concrete sameAs Q7250196.
- Properties_of_concrete sameAs Q7250196.
- Properties_of_concrete wasDerivedFrom Properties_of_concrete?oldid=679944972.
- Properties_of_concrete isPrimaryTopicOf Properties_of_concrete.