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- Pilot-induced_oscillation abstract "Pilot-induced oscillations, as defined by MIL-HDBK-1797A, are sustained or uncontrollable oscillations resulting from efforts of the pilot to control the aircraft and occurs when the pilot of an aircraft inadvertently commands an often increasing series of corrections in opposite directions, each an attempt to cover the aircraft's reaction to the previous input with an overcorrection in the opposite direction. An aircraft in such a condition can appear to be "porpoising" switching between upward and downward directions. As such it is a coupling of the frequency of the pilot's inputs and the aircraft's own frequency. During flight test, pilot-induced oscillation is one of the handling qualities factors that is analyzed, with the aircraft being graded by an established scale (chart at right). In order to avoid any assumption that oscillation is necessarily the fault of the pilot, new terms have been suggested to replace pilot-induced oscillation. These include aircraft-pilot coupling, pilot–in-the-loop oscillations and pilot-assisted (or augmented) oscillations.In a controls sense, the oscillation is the result of reduced phase margin induced by the lag of the pilot's response. The problem has been mitigated in some cases by adding lead to the instruments - for example, cause the climb rate indication to not only reflect the current climb rate, but also be sensitive to the rate of change of the climb rate. The physics of flight make such oscillations more probable for pilots than for automobile drivers. An attempt to cause the aircraft to climb, say, by applying up-elevator, will also result in a reduction in airspeed.Another factor is the response rate of flight instruments in comparison to the response rate of the aircraft itself. An increase in power will not result in an immediate increase in airspeed. An increase in climb rate will not show up immediately on the vertical speed indicator.A pilot aiming for a 500 foot per minute descent, for example, may find himself descending too rapidly. He begins to apply up elevator until the vertical speed indicator shows 500 feet per minute. However, because the vertical speed indicator lags the actual vertical speed, the pilot is actually descending at much less than 500 feet per minute. The pilot then begins applying down elevator until the vertical speed indicator reads 500 feet per minute, starting the cycle over. It's harder than it might seem to stabilize the vertical speed because the airspeed also constantly changes.Pilot-induced oscillations may be the fault of the aircraft, the pilot, or both. It is a common problem for inexperienced pilots, and especially student pilots, although it was also a problem for the top research test pilots on the NASA lifting body program. The problem is most acute when the wing and tail section are close together in so called "short coupled" aircraft. The most dangerous pilot-induced oscillations can occur during landing. Too much up elevator during the flare can result in the plane getting dangerously slow and threatening to stall. A natural reaction to this is to push the nose down harder than one pulled it up, but then the pilot ends up staring at the ground. An even larger amount of up elevator starts the cycle over again.While Pilot-Induced oscillations often start with fairly low amplitudes, which can adequately be treated with small perturbation linear theory, several PIO's will by definition become very large.In February 1989 a JAS 39 Gripen prototype crashed when landing in Linköping, Sweden. Pilot-induced oscillation as a result of an over-sensitive, yet slow-response steering system was determined to be the cause. Subsequently, the steering system was redesigned.Pilot-induced oscillation was blamed for the 1992 crash of the prototype F-22 Raptor, landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California. This crash was linked to actuator rate limiting, causing the pilot, Tom Morgenfeld, to overcompensate for pitch fluctuations.".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation thumbnail Pilot-induced_oscillation_rating_scale.svg?width=300.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageExternalLink EM-0044-03.html.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageExternalLink EM-0084-02.html.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageExternalLink AFIT-GAE-ENY-04-M16.pdf.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageID "365362".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageLength "5823".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageOutDegree "26".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageRevisionID "627844213".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_JAS_39_Gripen.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Aircraft.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Airspeed.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Amplitude.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Amplitudes.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Aviator.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aviation_risks.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Edwards_Air_Force_Base.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Elevator_(aeronautics).
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Elevator_(aircraft).
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Empennage.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink F-22_Raptor.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Flare_(aviation).
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Flight.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Flight_instrument.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Flight_instruments.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Flight_test.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Flying_qualities.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Handling_qualities.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink JAS_39_Gripen.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Landing.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Landing_flare.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Lifting_body.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink NASA.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Perturbation_linear_theory.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Phugoid.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Pilot_(aeronautics).
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Pilot_certification_in_the_United_States.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Saab_JAS_39_Gripen.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Stall_(flight).
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Stall_(fluid_mechanics).
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Thomas_A._Morgenfeld.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Variometer.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink Vertical_speed_indicator.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLink File:Pilot-induced_oscillation_rating_scale.svg.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "PIO".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pilot-induced oscillation".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "pilot induced oscillation".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "pilot-induced oscillation".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageWikiLinkText "pilot-induced pitch oscillation".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation hasPhotoCollection Pilot-induced_oscillation.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Expert-subject.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation subject Category:Aviation_risks.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation type Article.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation type Article.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation type Risk.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation comment "Pilot-induced oscillations, as defined by MIL-HDBK-1797A, are sustained or uncontrollable oscillations resulting from efforts of the pilot to control the aircraft and occurs when the pilot of an aircraft inadvertently commands an often increasing series of corrections in opposite directions, each an attempt to cover the aircraft's reaction to the previous input with an overcorrection in the opposite direction.".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation label "Pilot-induced oscillation".
- Pilot-induced_oscillation sameAs Pilot_Induced_Oscillation.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation sameAs m.01_xws.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation sameAs Q2095188.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation sameAs Q2095188.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation wasDerivedFrom Pilot-induced_oscillation?oldid=627844213.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation depiction Pilot-induced_oscillation_rating_scale.svg.
- Pilot-induced_oscillation isPrimaryTopicOf Pilot-induced_oscillation.