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- Panjdeh_incident abstract "The Panjdeh incident or Panjdeh Scare (Russian: Афганский кризис, Afghan Crisis or Бой за Кушку, Battle of Kushka) was a battle that occurred in 1885 when Russian forces seized Afghan territory south of the Oxus River (modern name Amu Darya) around an oasis at Panjdeh (modern Serhetabat, Turkmenistan). The incident created a diplomatic crisis between Russia and Great Britain. The competing interests of Russia and Britain, the main protagonists in The Great Game, in Central Asia and India had for years been on the increase, and the Panjdeh Incident came close to triggering full-scale armed conflict. After taking the northern part of what became Russian Central Asia the Russians moved into Turkmenistan from the Caspian, winning the Battle of Geok Tepe in 1881 and annexing Merv in 1884. Panjdeh is south of Merv on the road to Herat.An Afghan force was encamped on the west bank of the Kushk River, with a Russian force on the east bank. On 29 March 1885, the leader of the Russian forces, General Alexander Komarov, sent an ultimatum demanding an Afghan withdrawal. On their refusal, the Russians attacked them at 3 a.m. on 30 March and drove them across the Pul-i-Khishti Bridge with a loss of some 40 men. Afghan troops were reported to have been 'wiped out to a man' in their trenches, with losses of up to 600.The incident soured the relations between Britain and Russia, but the Emir Abdur-Rahman, who was present at the Rawalpindi conference with Lord Dufferin at the time, regarded the matter as a mere frontier scuffle. However, members of Gladstone's cabinet, namely Lord Ripon (the previous Indian Viceroy), believed withdrawal could lead to a breakdown in law and order and possible intervention from Russia.Outright war was averted with diplomacy, and Lord Dufferin managed to secure a settlement in which Russia kept the Merv Oasis and Panjdeh to the south of it, but relinquished an important pass further west and promised to respect Afghan territorial integrity in the future.Following the incident, the Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission was established to delineate the northern frontier of Afghanistan. The commission did not have any Afghan involvement, and effectively led to Afghanistan becoming a buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire. The incident brought the southward expansion of Imperial Russia to a halt. The Russians founded the border town of Kushka in the conquered territory; it was the southernmost settlement of both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.The 1921 Afghan-Soviet Treaty of Friendship was the first international agreement the Soviets entered into after seizing power. Under its terms, inter alia, "the Soviets agreed to return to Afghanistan, subject to plebiscites, territories in the Panjdeh area ceded under duress by Afghanistan to Russia or Bukhara in the nineteenth century..." "...Meanwhile, the Soviets reneged on some of their important pledges, under the Treaty of 1921 and several Memoranda of Mutual Understanding. They embarked on a path of blatant expansion in Muslim Central Asia in the clear knowledge that a weak, unprotected, and necessarily friendly Afghanistan would be unable to pose an impediment. First they failed to return the most important border district, which from the Afghan point of view, was Panjdeh...".".
- Panjdeh_incident causalties "600 killed".
- Panjdeh_incident combatant "25pxEmirate of Afghanistan".
- Panjdeh_incident combatant "Russian Empire".
- Panjdeh_incident commander Alexander_Komarov_(general).
- Panjdeh_incident commander Ghaws_al-Din_Khan.
- Panjdeh_incident date "1885-03-30".
- Panjdeh_incident place Emirate_of_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident place Serhetabat.
- Panjdeh_incident result "Russian victory".
- Panjdeh_incident thumbnail Flag_of_Afghanistan_pre-1901.svg?width=300.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageExternalLink books?id=MuF55mSIt4EC.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageExternalLink books?id=RUSNyMH1aFQC.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageID "1612825".
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageLength "5092".
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageOutDegree "51".
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageRevisionID "681578685".
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Abdur_Rahman_Khan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Afghan-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Afghan_Boundary_Commission.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Aleksandr_Komarov.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Komarov.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Komarov_(general).
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Amu_Darya.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Geok_Tepe.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink British_Empire.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink British_India.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Buffer_state.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:1885_in_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:1885_in_Asia.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:19th_century_in_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Afghanistan–Russia_relations.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_involving_Russia.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Conflicts_in_1885.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Turkmenistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_history_of_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:Russia–United_Kingdom_relations.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Category:The_Great_Game.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Diplomacy.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Emir.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Emirate_of_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Frontier.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Ghaws_al-Din_Khan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Herat.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Imperial_Russia.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Kushk_River.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Lord_Dufferin.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Lord_Ripon.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Marquess_of_Ripon.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Merv.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Oasis.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Rawalpindi.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Russia.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Central_Asia.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Empire.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Turkestan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Serhetabat.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_Union.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Soviet–Afghan_War.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink The_Great_Game.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink Turkmenistan.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink William_Ewart_Gladstone.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLink File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_pre-1901.svg.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLinkText "Panjdeh crisis".
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageWikiLinkText "Panjdeh incident".
- Panjdeh_incident casualties "40".
- Panjdeh_incident casualties "600".
- Panjdeh_incident combatant "25".
- Panjdeh_incident combatant "Russian Empire".
- Panjdeh_incident commander "Gen. Alexander Komarov".
- Panjdeh_incident commander "Gen. Ghaws al-Din Khan".
- Panjdeh_incident date "1885-03-30".
- Panjdeh_incident hasPhotoCollection Panjdeh_incident.
- Panjdeh_incident place Emirate_of_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident place Serhetabat.
- Panjdeh_incident result "Russian victory".
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:EB1911.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_military_conflict.
- Panjdeh_incident wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:1885_in_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:1885_in_Asia.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:19th_century_in_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:Afghanistan–Russia_relations.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:Battles_involving_Russia.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:Conflicts_in_1885.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:History_of_Turkmenistan.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:Military_history_of_Afghanistan.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:Russia–United_Kingdom_relations.
- Panjdeh_incident subject Category:The_Great_Game.
- Panjdeh_incident hypernym Battle.
- Panjdeh_incident point "35.2758 62.3417".
- Panjdeh_incident type Event.
- Panjdeh_incident type MilitaryConflict.
- Panjdeh_incident type SocietalEvent.
- Panjdeh_incident type Event.
- Panjdeh_incident type Event.