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- Northern_subject_rule abstract "The Northern Subject Rule is a grammatical pattern that occurs in Northern English and Scots dialects. Present-tense verbs may take the verbal ‑s suffix, except when they are directly adjacent to one of the personal pronouns I, you, we, or they as their subject. As a result they sing contrasts with the birds sings; they sing and dances; it's you that sings; I only sings.In the modern Northern English dialects, this pattern varies and now competes with standard forms. Furthermore, other non-standard dialectal patterns are found that developed separately from the Northern Subject Rule. These include, for example:The free use of ‑s in the historic present (especially when introducing quoted speech, I says). The free use of ‑s as a marker of habitual semantics (I goes to work) may also occur. A widespread tendency to level the contrast between was and were (sometimes to I were, he were, more often to we was, you was).Almost universal levelling of the contrast between There was a raven and There were two ravens. Some controversy surrounds its origin. Some scholars (e.g., Graham Isaac) argue that it developed out of the Old English verbal endings by way of Northern Middle English, but others (e.g., H. Tristram) argue that it could be a language-contact transfer feature from the Brythonic language historically spoken in that area. Graham Shorrocks notes that a similar use of the historic present occurs in some dialects of north Germany, citing Gordon (1966) and Wakernagel-Jolles (1971).This is part of the greater debate whether the Celtic languages have had any influence on the structure of English due to the Celtic population learning the English language rapidly but imperfectly after the coming of the Angles.Newfoundland English and at least some Hiberno-English dialects, the dialect of Wexford for example, follow a similar pattern.".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageID "6978240".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageLength "2745".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageOutDegree "13".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageRevisionID "680352407".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Brittonic_languages.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Brythonic_languages.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Category:English_grammar.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Celtic_languages.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink English_language_in_northern_England.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Hiberno-English.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Middle_English.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Modern_Scots.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Newfoundland_English.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Northern_England_English.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Old_English.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Old_English_language.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Standard_English.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Verb.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Verbs.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLink Wexford.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLinkText "Northern Subject Rule".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLinkText "Northern subject rule".
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageWikiLinkText "present historical".
- Northern_subject_rule hasPhotoCollection Northern_subject_rule.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Ling-stub.
- Northern_subject_rule wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Northern_subject_rule subject Category:English_grammar.
- Northern_subject_rule hypernym Pattern.
- Northern_subject_rule type Disease.
- Northern_subject_rule comment "The Northern Subject Rule is a grammatical pattern that occurs in Northern English and Scots dialects. Present-tense verbs may take the verbal ‑s suffix, except when they are directly adjacent to one of the personal pronouns I, you, we, or they as their subject. As a result they sing contrasts with the birds sings; they sing and dances; it's you that sings; I only sings.In the modern Northern English dialects, this pattern varies and now competes with standard forms.".
- Northern_subject_rule label "Northern subject rule".
- Northern_subject_rule sameAs m.0gzn2k.
- Northern_subject_rule sameAs Q7059292.
- Northern_subject_rule sameAs Q7059292.
- Northern_subject_rule wasDerivedFrom Northern_subject_rule?oldid=680352407.
- Northern_subject_rule isPrimaryTopicOf Northern_subject_rule.