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- Mixed_motive_discrimination abstract ""Mixed motive" discrimination is a category of discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Where the plaintiff has shown intentional discrimination in a mixed motive case, the defendant can still avoid liability for money damages by demonstrating by a preponderance of the evidence that the same decision would have been made even in the absence of the impermissible motivating factor. If the defendant establishes this defense, the plaintiff is then entitled only to declaratory and injunctive relief, attorney’s fees, and costs. Orders of reinstatement, as well as the substitutes of back and front pay, are prohibited if a same decision defense is proven. 42 U.S.C. §2000e-5(g)(2)(B).The Supreme Court has ruled that direct evidence is not required for a plaintiff to prove that discrimination was a motivating factor in a "mixed-motive" case, i.e., a case in which an employer had both legitimate and illegitimate reasons for making an employment decision. The distinction between "mixed-motive" cases and "pretext" cases is generally determined by whether the plaintiff produces direct rather than circumstantial evidence of discrimination. If the plaintiff produces direct evidence of discrimination, this is sufficient to show that the defendant’s activity was motivated at least in part by animus toward a protected class, and therefore a "mixed-motive" instruction is given. If the evidence of discrimination is only circumstantial, the appropriate framework is the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework. See generally Fakete v. Aetna, Inc. (using "direct evidence" to describe "mixed-motive" cases and noting that pretext cases arise when the plaintiff presents only indirect or circumstantial evidence of discrimination). On the proper use of mixed-motive instructions, see Matthew Scott and Russell Chapman, Much Ado About Nothing — Why Desert Palace Neither Murdered McDonnell Douglas Nor Transformed All Employment Discrimination Cases To Mixed-Motive, 36 St. Mary’s L.J. 395 (2005): Thus, a case properly analyzed under [42 U.S.C.] § 2000e-2(a) (what some commentators refer to as pretext cases) involves the plaintiff alleging an improper motive for the defendant’s conduct, while the defendant disavows that motive and professes only a non-discriminatory motive. On the other hand, a true mixed motive case under [42 U.S.C.] § 2000e-2(m) involves either a defendant who . . . admits to a partially discriminatory reason for its actions, while also claiming it would have taken the same action were it not for the illegitimate rationale or . . . [there is] otherwise credible evidence to support such a finding.The rationale for the distinction . . . is simple. When the defendant renounces any illegal motive, it puts the plaintiff to a higher standard of proof that the challenged employment action was taken because of the plaintiff’s race/color/religion/sex/national origin. But, the plaintiff, if successful, is entitled to the full panoply of damages under § 2000e-5. . . .At the same time, where the defendant is contrite and admits an improper motive (something no jury will take lightly), or there is evidence to support such a finding, the defendant’s liability risk is reduced to declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees and costs if the defendant proves it would have taken the same action even without considering the protected trait. The quid pro quo for this reduced financial risk is the lesser standard of liability (the challenged employment action need only be a motivating factor).↑ ↑".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageExternalLink Ch5-5.1.1.pdf.
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- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageRevisionID "640292752".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Animus_nocendi.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Category:Anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Circumstantial_evidence.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Damages.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Declaratory_judgment.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Declaratory_relief.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Defendant.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Direct_evidence.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Discrimination.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Employment_discrimination.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Financial_risk.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Injunction.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Legal_burden_of_proof.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink McDonnell_Douglas.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink McDonnell_Douglas_burden-shifting.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Monetary_damages.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Plaintiff.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Protected_class.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Public_domain.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLink Title_VII.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLinkText ""mixed motive" framework".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mixed motive discrimination".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLinkText "mixed motive discrimination".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wikiPageWikiLinkText "mixed-motive framework".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination hasPhotoCollection Mixed_motive_discrimination.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination subject Category:Anti-discrimination_law_in_the_United_States.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination hypernym Category.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination type TelevisionStation.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination comment ""Mixed motive" discrimination is a category of discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Where the plaintiff has shown intentional discrimination in a mixed motive case, the defendant can still avoid liability for money damages by demonstrating by a preponderance of the evidence that the same decision would have been made even in the absence of the impermissible motivating factor.".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination label "Mixed motive discrimination".
- Mixed_motive_discrimination sameAs m.06w1dfn.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination sameAs Q6883995.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination sameAs Q6883995.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination wasDerivedFrom Mixed_motive_discrimination?oldid=640292752.
- Mixed_motive_discrimination isPrimaryTopicOf Mixed_motive_discrimination.