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• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns abstract "Marian columns are religious monuments built in honour of the Virgin Mary, often in thanksgiving for the ending of a plague - and known as plague columns - or for some other help. The purpose of the Holy Trinity columns was usually simply to celebrate the church and the faith. However, the plague motif could sometimes play its role in their erection as well. Erecting religious monuments in the form of a column surmounted by a figure or a Christian symbol was a gesture of public faith that flourished in the Catholic countries of Europe especially in the 17th and 18th centuries. Thus they became one of the most visible features of Baroque architecture. This usage also influenced some Eastern Orthodox Baroque architecture.Some other saints are also depicted on the plague columns. A typical one is St. Roch, who is said to have fallen ill when helping the sick during an epidemic of plague and who recovered through the strength of his faith. St. Sebastian, a martyr whose statue also often decorates these structures, was originally the patron of archers. In the Middle Ages Sebastian took the place of the plague-dealing archer Apollo, as people sometimes metaphorically compared the random nature of plague to random shots of archers, and thus he started being connected with the plague too. Other frequently depicted saints are St. Barbara, a patron of the dying, and two more recent and historical saints: St. Francis Xavier, who, according to the legend, raised people from the dead, and St. Charles Borromeo, known for working among the sick and the dying.In Imperial Rome, it was the practice to erect a statue of the Emperor atop a column. The last such a column was the Column of Phocas, erected in the Roman Forum and dedicated or rededicated in 608. The Christian practice of erecting a column topped with a statue of the Virgin Mary dates back at least to the 10th century (in Clermont-Ferrand in France), but it became common especially in the Counter-Reformation period following the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563). The column in Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome was one of the first. The column itself was ancient: it had supported the vault of the so-called Basilica of Constantine in Rome, destroyed by an earthquake in the 9th century. By the 17th century only this column survived; in 1614 it was transported to Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore and crowned with a bronze statue of the Virgin and Child. Within decades it served as a model for many columns in Italy and other European countries.The first column of this type north of the Alps was the Mariensäule built in Munich in 1638 to celebrate the sparing of the city from both the invading Swedish army and the plague. The Virgin Mary is standing on its top on a crescent moon as the Queen of Heaven. It inspired for example Marian columns in Prague and Vienna, but many others also followed very quickly. In the countries which used to belong to the Habsburg Monarchy (especially the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia, and Hungary) it is quite exceptional to find an old town square without such a column, usually located on the most prominent place.The Prague column was built in Old Town Square (Staroměstské náměstí) shortly after the Thirty Years' War in thanksgiving to the Virgin Mary Immaculate for helping in the fight with the Swedes. At noon its shadow indicated the so-called Prague Meridian, which was used to check the exact solar time. Many Czechs connected its placement and erection with the hegemony of the Habsburgs in their country, and after declaring the independence of Czechoslovakia in 1918 a crowd of people pulled this old monument down and destroyed it in an excess of revolutionary fervor.The basic model which inspired building most Holy Trinity columns is the Pestsäule or Dreifaltigkeitssäule ("Plague or Holy Trinity column") in the Grabenplatz, Vienna, built after the 1679 plague; in this monument the column has entirely disappeared in marble clouds and colossal saints, angels and putti. The era of these religious structures culminated with the outstanding Holy Trinity Column in Upper Square (Horní náměstí) in Olomouc. This monument, built shortly after the plague which struck Moravia (nowadays in the Czech Republic) between 1714 and 1716, was exceptional because of its monumentality, rich decoration and unusual combination of sculptural material (stone and gilded copper). Its base was made so big that even a chapel was hidden inside. This column is the only one which has been individually inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "one of the most exceptional examples of the apogee of central European Baroque artistic expression".".
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns thumbnail Kutna_Hora_CZ_Plague_column_02.jpg?width=300.
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• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageExternalLink index.asp?gr=4&cat=17&sk=8&lang=cz.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageExternalLink column.htm.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageExternalLink Plague-column.
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• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink 1610s_in_architecture.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink 1630s_in_architecture.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink 1650s_in_architecture.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Alps.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Apollo.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Apollo_(god).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Archery.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Austria.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Baroque.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Baroque_architecture.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Basilica_of_Maxentius.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Bubonic_plague.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:17th-century_architecture.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:18th-century_architecture.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:Baroque_architectural_features.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Catholicism_in_Europe.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:Monumental_columns.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Category:Second_plague_pandemic.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Borromeo.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Christianity.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Clermont-Ferrand.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Column.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Column_of_Phocas.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Council_of_Trent.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Counter-Reformation.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Czech_Republic.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Czech_language.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Czechoslovakia.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Earthquake.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Orthodox.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Orthodox_Church.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Francis_Xavier.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Gilding.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Graben,_Vienna.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Graben_(Vienna).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Great_Plague_of_Vienna.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Habsburg_Monarchy.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Habsburgs.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Hegemony.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Sweden_(1611–48).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Holy_Trinity.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Holy_Trinity_Column_in_Olomouc.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Habsburg.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Hungary.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Immaculate_Conception.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Immaculate_conception.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Madonna_(art).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Madonna_and_Child.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Marienplatz.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Mariensäule.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Mary_(mother_of_Jesus).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Meridian_(geography).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Ages.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Moravia.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Munich.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Old_Town_Square.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Old_Town_Square_(Prague).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Olomouc.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Pestsäule,_Vienna.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Pestsäule_(Vienna).
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Prague.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Putto.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Queen_of_Heaven.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Religion.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Rise_of_Sweden_as_a_Great_Power.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Catholic_Church.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Empire.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Forum.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Rome.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Saint.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Barbara.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Roch.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Sebastian.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Slovakia.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Solar_time.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Solomonic_column.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink St._Barbara.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink St._Charles_Borromeo.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink St._Francis_Xavier.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink St._Roch.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Thirty_Years_War.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink Trinity.
• Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns wikiPageWikiLink UNESCO.

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