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- Key_stretching abstract "In cryptography, key stretching refers to techniques used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute force attack by increasing the time it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password cracking. Key stretching makes such attacks more difficult.Key stretching is sometimes referred to as "key strengthening", although the latter term originally referred to another technique with significantly different security and performance properties (see section 6 of for a comparison).Key stretching techniques generally work as follows. The initial key is fed into an algorithm that outputs an enhanced key. The enhanced key should be of sufficient size to make it unfeasible to break by brute force (e.g. at least 128 bits). The overall algorithm used should be secure in the sense that there should be no known way of taking a shortcut that would make it possible to calculate the enhanced key in less time (less processor work) than by using the key stretching algorithm itself.The key stretching process leaves the attacker with two options: either try every possible combination of the enhanced key (infeasible if the enhanced key is long enough), or else try likely combinations of the initial key. In the latter approach, if the initial key is a password or a passphrase, then the attacker would first try every word in a dictionary or common password list and then try all character combinations for longer passwords. Key stretching does not prevent this approach, but the attacker has to spend much more time on each attempt.If the attacker uses the same class of hardware as the user, each guess will take the same amount of time to process as it took the user (for example, one second). Even if the attacker has much greater computing resources than the user, the key stretching will still slow the attacker down, since the user's computer only has to compute the stretching function once upon the user entering their password, whereas the attacker must compute it for every guess in the attack.There are several ways to perform key stretching. A cryptographic hash function or a block cipher may be repeatedly applied in a loop. In applications where the key is used for a cipher, the key schedule (key set-up) in the cipher may be modified so that it takes one second to perform.A related technique, salting, protects against time-memory tradeoff attacks and is often used in conjunction with key stretching.".
- Key_stretching wikiPageExternalLink improved_hash_algorithm_en.php.
- Key_stretching wikiPageID "4266286".
- Key_stretching wikiPageLength "9818".
- Key_stretching wikiPageOutDegree "58".
- Key_stretching wikiPageRevisionID "664817270".
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink .htpasswd.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink ASCII.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Apache_HTTP_Server.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Bcrypt.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Block_cipher.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Brute-force_attack.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Brute_force_attack.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Cache_(computing).
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Category:Articles_with_example_pseudocode.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Category:Key_management.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Comparison_of_disk_encryption_software.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Compiler.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Crypt_(C).
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Crypt_(Unix).
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Cryptographic_hash_function.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Cryptography.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Custom_hardware_attack.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Data_Encryption_Standard.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Disk_encryption_software.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Encryption.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink FPGA.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Field-programmable_gate_array.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Free_and_open-source_software.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink GNU_Privacy_Guard.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Hash_chain.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Hashcash.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink KeePass.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink KeePassX.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Key_(cryptography).
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Key_derivation_function.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Key_schedule.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Loop_unrolling.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Loop_unwinding.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink MD5.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Memory_bound_function.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Moores_law.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink OpenSSL.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink PBKDF2.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink PDP-11.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Passphrase.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Password.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Password_Safe.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Password_cracking.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Password_manager.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Personal_computer.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Pretty_Good_Privacy.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Robert_Morris_(cryptographer).
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink SHA-1.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink SHA1.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Salt_(cryptography).
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Scrypt.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Space–time_tradeoff.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Time-memory_tradeoff.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Unix.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLink Wi-Fi_Protected_Access.
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLinkText "Key stretching".
- Key_stretching wikiPageWikiLinkText "key stretching".
- Key_stretching hasPhotoCollection Key_stretching.
- Key_stretching wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cryptography_navbox.
- Key_stretching wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Fact.
- Key_stretching wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Key_stretching wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Vague.
- Key_stretching subject Category:Articles_with_example_pseudocode.
- Key_stretching subject Category:Key_management.
- Key_stretching type Article.
- Key_stretching type Article.
- Key_stretching comment "In cryptography, key stretching refers to techniques used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute force attack by increasing the time it takes to test each possible key. Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password cracking.".
- Key_stretching label "Key stretching".
- Key_stretching sameAs Alongamento_de_chave.
- Key_stretching sameAs m.0bt504.
- Key_stretching sameAs Q6398189.
- Key_stretching sameAs Q6398189.
- Key_stretching wasDerivedFrom Key_stretching?oldid=664817270.
- Key_stretching isPrimaryTopicOf Key_stretching.