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- Jacob_Lorhard abstract "Jacob Lorhard (Latin: Jacobus Lorhardus; 1561 – 19 May 1609) was a German philosopher and pedagogue based in St. Gallen, Switzerland.Lorhard was born in Münsingen. In 1603 he became Rector of the Gymnasium in St. Gallen. In 1606 he published Ogdoas scholastica, which contains the word "ontologia" – probably appearing for the first time ever in a book. He uses "Ontologia" synonymously with "Metaphysica". The following year he received the offer of becoming Professor of Theology at Marburg from Landgrave Maurice of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). Rudolph Göckel (1547-1628) was also professor in Marburg in logic, ethics, and mathematics at this time. Lorhard and Göckel probably met one or several times during 1607 sharing their views with one another. For whatever reason, his stay in Marburg was brief and he soon returned to his former position in St. Gallen. Lorhard died on 19 May 1609.In 1613, a second edition of Lorhard's book appeared under the title Theatrum philosophicum. In this edition, however, the word "ontologia" does not appear on the front cover although has been retained inside the book. In the same year the term did appear in Göckel's Lexicon philosophicum (p. 16), where it is mentioned briefly as follows: "ontologia, philosophia de ente" (i.e., "ontology, the philosophy of being").Lorhard was influenced by Peter Ramus (1515 - 1572), who set about transforming dialectical reasoning into a single method of pedagogical logic supplemented by diagrammatical tools. Lorhard follows Ramus in believing that the students will gain a deeper understanding of the ontological truths through considering such diagrams. This became a very influential view on education across Europe, influencing the Danish professor Jens Kraft (1720 - 1756) who used these techniques in a school for young people expected to become national leaders. Kraft thought that a deeper understanding of ontological truths would help the students becoming better people ethically as well as having a better understanding of the world.He was more directly influenced by Clemens Timpler of Heidelberg, whose Metaphysicae systema methodicum was published in Steinfurt in 1604. Lorhard followed Timpler by defining ontology as “the knowledge of the intelligible by which it is intelligible”. This emphasis on the intelligibility of the world as essential for metaphysics is central to Lorhard’s ontology. By formulating ontology as concentrated on the knowledge by means of which we can understand the world it offers a description of the very foundation of scientific activity.Lorhard characterised human rationality as 'the natural light of reason'. This approach presupposes there is a unique true ontology that reflects to the world as it really is. This confidence in an order or code of nature that can be read and understood by human beings was one of the major Cornerstones for the rise of science in Europe. Lorhard divides the intelligibles into universals and particulars with the set of universals further separated in two sets: the set of basic objects, and the set of attributes. Lorhard uses the homonym real 16 times in Ogdoas Scholastica contrasting it variously with rational (rationalis), imaginary (imaginaria), and verbal (verbalis). Lorhard characterises being (ens) as “by which a being is what it is”. He then further describes how beings that relate to the external world exist independently of human cognition, while those that belong to the internal (or mental) world of human cognition are beings of reason or rationality. Lorhard saw an importantduality between the beings themselves and how we rationally discuss such being. He insisted that whenever we discuss the beings in the world with a view to their classification, we also need to reflect on the concepts we are using in doing so. This reflections at the meta-level formed an essential part of Lorhard’s work.Lorhard describes the ‘most common’ attributes of intelligibles as existence and duration. However, whatever its existence and time, we use the real/imaginary distinction (realis/imaginaria) between what exists independently of all human minds (although conceivable by human rationality) and what is imaginary.".
- Jacob_Lorhard birthDate "1561".
- Jacob_Lorhard birthPlace Münsingen.
- Jacob_Lorhard birthYear "1561".
- Jacob_Lorhard deathDate "1609-05-19".
- Jacob_Lorhard deathYear "1609".
- Jacob_Lorhard thumbnail Ogdoas_Scholastica_Jacob_Lorhard.jpg?width=300.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageExternalLink PP-2008-20.text.pdf.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageExternalLink X-2008-04.text.pdf.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageExternalLink history.htm.
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- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Clemens_Timpler.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Cornerstone.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Diagram.
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- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Intelligibility_(philosophy).
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Jens_Kraft.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Marburg.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Maurice,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Metaphysics.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Münsingen.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Old_Swiss_Confederacy.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Ontology.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Particular.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Particulars.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Pedagogue.
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- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Peter_Ramus.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Petrus_Ramus.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Philosopher.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Rudolph_Goclenius.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Science.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Set_(mathematics).
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink St._Gallen.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Steinfurt.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink The_Real.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink The_world.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Theology.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Time.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Universal_(metaphysics).
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink Universals.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink World.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLink File:Ogdoas_Scholastica_Jacob_Lorhard.jpg.
- Jacob_Lorhard wikiPageWikiLinkText "Jacob Lorhard".
- Jacob_Lorhard dateOfBirth "1561".
- Jacob_Lorhard dateOfDeath "1609-05-19".
- Jacob_Lorhard hasPhotoCollection Jacob_Lorhard.
- Jacob_Lorhard name "Lorhard, Jacob".
- Jacob_Lorhard placeOfBirth "Münsingen".
- Jacob_Lorhard shortDescription "German philosopher".
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- Jacob_Lorhard description "German philosopher".
- Jacob_Lorhard description "German philosopher".
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:1561_births.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:1609_deaths.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:16th-century_German_writers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:16th-century_Swiss_writers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:16th-century_philosophers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:17th-century_German_writers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:17th-century_Swiss_writers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:17th-century_philosophers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:German_male_writers.
- Jacob_Lorhard subject Category:German_philosophers.
- Jacob_Lorhard hypernym Philosopher.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Agent.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Article.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Person.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Philosopher.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Writer.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Article.
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- Jacob_Lorhard type Writer.
- Jacob_Lorhard type Person.