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- Interspecies_quorum_sensing abstract "Interspecies quorum sensing is a way bacteria in a community can determine how many of their own and other species are in an area. Bacteria secrete these molecules, which increase in proportion to cell number. Once the molecule hits a certain concentration it triggers the transcription of certain genes such as virulence factors. It has been discovered that bacteria can not only interact via quorum sensing with members of their own species but that there is a kind of universal molecule that allows them to gather information about other species as well. This universal molecule is called autoinducer 2 or AI-2.AI-2 was first discovered in the light producing system of the bacteria Vibrio harveyi. The pathway that induces Vibrio harveyi luminescence is controlled by two parallel pathways. The first pathway uses a typical AI-1 homoserine lactone signaling molecule. However the bacteria were also found to recognize a second auto inducer AI-2. Scientist also found that V. harveyi luminescence could be induced by 75 other bacterial species AI-2 molecules.This discovery lead to the proposal of AI-2 as a universal form of communication between bacteria species. In addition to information about cell densities AI-2 can provide information on the growth phase and prosperity of cells in a population. It has a greater ability to store information than other quorum sensing molecules because its production is tied to cell growth. The production of AI-2 peaks in late log phase for many bacteria. The structure of AI-2 was discovered recently to be a fused 2-member ring with boron bridging the gap between the diesters.The enzyme LuxS is responsible for AI-2 synthesis. The gene encoding for LuxS has been detected in 35 of the 89 bacterial genomes sequenced and in all of the bacteria the gene had little variation. In every bacterium found so far that produces the AI-2 signaling molecule the LuxS gene was also found. There are three enzymes that make DPD (4,5-dihydroxy 2,3 pentanedione) which is the substrate LuxS uses to make AI-2. The pathway for synthesizing AI-2 was found to be identical in V. harveyi, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, V. cholerae, and Enterococcus faecalis providing further evidence that this molecule may be a universal signal among bacteria.Shigella flexneri use AI-2 to mediate virulence. The major virulence factor in Shigella is the plasmid vir B. The AI-2 signaling pathway was shown to be responsible for the observed peak of vir B. Although it was determined that AI-2 is not crucial for virulence that it does increase the expression of the plasmid. AI-2 also regulates the virulence of Enteroinvasive and Enterohemoragic E.coli. It is likely the high concentrations of AI-2 produced by normal gut flora effect the production of AI-2 in Shigella and its subsequent virulence.AI-2 is required for the biofilm formation in P. ginivalis and S. gordonii. S. gordonii is a major cause of dental plaque and its adherence is essential for many other pathogenic bacteria to also adhere to teeth. P. ginivalis causes periodontal disease. If neither bacteria possess a functional copy of the LuxS gene they cannot form a biofilm. However if either one of the bacteria has the LuxS gene they can form biofilms suggesting again this molecule is used for communication between unrelated species.Other bacterial uses for AI-2 Clostridium perfringens- regulates toxin productionP. luminescence- controls the timing of antibioticsV. cholerea- used in the pathogenic cascadeSince the LuxS enzyme is not present in Eukaryotes it is a good potential target for antibiotics. Also AI-2 signaling seems to control many virulence factors in bacteria so blocking this signal could lead to knew ways to control bacterial infections such as cholera. Since the AI-2 molecule seems to be involved in the virulence cascade if we could block the uptake of AI-2 then we could potentially stop the virulence cascade.".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageID "33992713".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageLength "6781".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageOutDegree "29".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageRevisionID "641395170".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Antibiotics.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Autoinducer-2.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Autoinducer_2.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Bacterial_growth.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Biofilm.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Boron.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bacteriology.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Cell_signaling.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Clostridium_perfringens.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Dental_plaque.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Diester.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink E._coli.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Enterococcus_faecalis.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Enteroinvasive_Escherichia_coli.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Escherichia_coli.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Ester.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryote.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryotes.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Gut_flora.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Homoserine_lactone.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Luminescence.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink N-Acyl_homoserine_lactone.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Periodontal_disease.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Periodontal_pathology.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Plasmid.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Quorum_sensing.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Salmonella_enterica_subsp._enterica.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Salmonella_typhimurium.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Transcription_(genetics).
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink V._cholerae.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Verotoxin-producing_Escherichia_coli.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Vibrio_cholerae.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Vibrio_harveyi.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Virulence.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Virulence_factor.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLink Virulence_factors.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageWikiLinkText "Interspecies quorum sensing".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing hasPhotoCollection Interspecies_quorum_sensing.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Multiple_issues.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing subject Category:Bacteriology.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing hypernym Bacteria.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing type Article.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing type Species.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing type Article.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing comment "Interspecies quorum sensing is a way bacteria in a community can determine how many of their own and other species are in an area. Bacteria secrete these molecules, which increase in proportion to cell number. Once the molecule hits a certain concentration it triggers the transcription of certain genes such as virulence factors.".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing label "Interspecies quorum sensing".
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing sameAs m.0hr5py5.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing sameAs Q6056784.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing sameAs Q6056784.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing wasDerivedFrom Interspecies_quorum_sensing?oldid=641395170.
- Interspecies_quorum_sensing isPrimaryTopicOf Interspecies_quorum_sensing.