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- Griffiths_experiment abstract "Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928 by Frederick Griffith, was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation. Griffith's findings were followed by research in the late 1930s and early 40s that isolated DNA as the material that communicated this genetic information.Pneumonia was a serious cause of death in the wake of the post-WWI Spanish influenza pandemic, and Griffith was studying the possibility of creating a vaccine. Griffith used two strains of pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) bacteria which infect mice – a type III-S (smooth) which was virulent, and a type II-R (rough) strain which was nonvirulent. The III-S strain covered itself with a polysaccharide capsule that protected it from the host's immune system, resulting in the death of the host, while the II-R strain did not have that protective capsule and was defeated by the host's immune system. A German bacteriologist, Fred Neufeld, had discovered the three pneumococcal types (Types I, II, and III) and discovered the Quellung reaction to identify them in vitro. Until Griffith's experiment, bacteriologists believed that the types were fixed and unchangeable, from one generation to another.In this experiment, bacteria from the III-S strain were killed by heat, and their remains were added to II-R strain bacteria. While neither alone harmed the mice, the combination was able to kill its host. Griffith was also able to isolate both live II-R and live III-S strains of pneumococcus from the blood of these dead mice. Griffith concluded that the type II-R had been "transformed" into the lethal III-S strain by a "transforming principle" that was somehow part of the dead III-S strain bacteria.Today, we know that the "transforming principle" Griffith observed was the DNA of the III-s strain bacteria. While the bacteria had been killed, the DNA had survived the heating process and was taken up by the II-R strain bacteria. The III-S strain DNA contains the genes that form the protective polysaccharide capsule. Equipped with this gene, the former II-R strain bacteria were now protected from the host's immune system and could kill the host. The exact nature of the transforming principle (DNA) was verified in the experiments done by Avery, McLeod and McCarty and by Hershey and Chase.".
- Griffiths_experiment thumbnail Griffith_experiment.svg?width=300.
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- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageRevisionID "343401897".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageRevisionID "673981945".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink 1918_flu_pandemic.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Avery–MacLeod–McCarty_experiment.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Bacterium.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Category:1928_in_science.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Category:Genetics_experiments.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Category:Microbiology.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Fred_Neufeld.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_Griffith.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Griffiths_experiment.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Hershey-Chase_experiment.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Hershey–Chase_experiment.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Immune_system.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Mouse.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Pneumonia.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Polysaccharide.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Strain_(biology).
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Streptococcus_pneumoniae.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink Transformation_(genetics).
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLink File:Griffith_experiment.svg.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLinkText "Griffith's Experiment".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLinkText "Griffith's experiment".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLinkText "Griffith's_experiment".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLinkText "experiment".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLinkText "proved".
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageWikiLinkText "transforming principle".
- Griffiths_experiment hasPhotoCollection Griffiths_experiment.
- Griffiths_experiment wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
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- Griffiths_experiment subject Category:1928_in_science.
- Griffiths_experiment subject Category:Genetics_experiments.
- Griffiths_experiment subject Category:Microbiology.
- Griffiths_experiment hypernym Experiment.
- Griffiths_experiment type Organisation.
- Griffiths_experiment type Redirect.
- Griffiths_experiment comment "Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928 by Frederick Griffith, was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation.".
- Griffiths_experiment label "Griffith's experiment".
- Griffiths_experiment label "Griffiths experiment".
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- Griffiths_experiment sameAs Q151141.
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- Griffiths_experiment sameAs 格里菲斯實驗.
- Griffiths_experiment wasDerivedFrom Griffiths_experiment?oldid=343401897.
- Griffiths_experiment wasDerivedFrom Griffiths_experimentoldid=673981945.
- Griffiths_experiment depiction Griffith_experiment.svg.
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