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- Grays_paradox abstract "Gray's Paradox is a paradox posed in 1936 by British zoologist Sir James Gray. The paradox was to figure out how dolphins can obtain such high speeds and accelerations with what appears to be a small muscle mass. Gray made an estimate of the power a dolphin could exert based on its physiology, and concluded the power was insufficient to overcome the drag forces in water. He hypothesized that Dolphin's skin must have special anti-drag properties.In 2008, researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, West Chester University and the University of California, Santa Cruz used digital particle image velocimetry to prove Gray wrong.They video taped a pair of dolphins swimming through a section of water filled with hundreds of thousands of air bubbles. A computer and force measurement tools developed for aerospace were then used to study the particle-image velocimetry which was captured at 1,000 frames per second (fps). This allowed the team to measure the force exerted by a dolphin. Results showed the dolphin to exert approximately 200 lb of force every time it thrust its tail – 10 times more than Gray hypothesized – and at peak force can exert between 300 to 400 lb.In 2009, researchers from the National Chung Hsing University in Taiwan introduced new concepts of “kidnapped airfoils” and “circulating horsepower” to explain the swimming capabilities of the swordfish. Swordfish swim at even higher speeds and accelerations than dolphins. The researchers claim their analysis also "solves the perplexity of dolphin’s Gray paradox".Timothy Wei, professor and acting dean of Rensselaer’s School of Engineering, videotaped two bottlenose dolphins, Primo and Puka, as they swam through a section of water populated with hundreds of thousands of tiny air bubbles. He then used sophisticated computer software to track the movement of the bubbles. The color-coded results show the speed and in what direction the water is flowing around and behind the dolphin, which allowed researchers to calculate precisely how much force the dolphin was producing.Wei also used this technique to film dolphins as they were doing tail-stands, a trick where the dolphins “walk” on water by holding most of their bodies vertical above the water while supporting themselves with short, powerful thrusts of their tails.".
- Grays_paradox wikiPageExternalLink 977.full.pdf+html.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageExternalLink 081124131334.htm.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageID "25038967".
- Grays_paradox wikiPageLength "5923".
- Grays_paradox wikiPageOutDegree "14".
- Grays_paradox wikiPageRevisionID "654359362".
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Biomechanics.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dolphins.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Paradoxes.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Category:Zoology.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Dolphin.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink James_Gray_(zoologist).
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink National_Chung_Hsing_University.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Northwestern_University.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Paradox.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Particle_image_velocimetry.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink Swordfish.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLink West_Chester_University.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageWikiLinkText "Gray's paradox".
- Grays_paradox hasPhotoCollection Grays_paradox.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Doi.
- Grays_paradox wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Grays_paradox subject Category:Biomechanics.
- Grays_paradox subject Category:Dolphins.
- Grays_paradox subject Category:Paradoxes.
- Grays_paradox subject Category:Zoology.
- Grays_paradox hypernym Paradox.
- Grays_paradox comment "Gray's Paradox is a paradox posed in 1936 by British zoologist Sir James Gray. The paradox was to figure out how dolphins can obtain such high speeds and accelerations with what appears to be a small muscle mass. Gray made an estimate of the power a dolphin could exert based on its physiology, and concluded the power was insufficient to overcome the drag forces in water.".
- Grays_paradox label "Gray's paradox".
- Grays_paradox sameAs مفارقة_جراي.
- Grays_paradox sameAs Graysches_Paradoxon.
- Grays_paradox sameAs m.09gdk81.
- Grays_paradox sameAs Q913759.
- Grays_paradox sameAs Q913759.
- Grays_paradox wasDerivedFrom Grays_paradoxoldid=654359362.
- Grays_paradox isPrimaryTopicOf Grays_paradox.