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- Glossator abstract "The scholars of the 11th and 12th century legal schools in Italy, France and Germany are identified as glossators in a specific sense. They studied Roman Law based on the Digestae, the Codex of Justinian, the Authenticae (an abridged Latin translation of selected constitutions of Justinian, promulgated in Greek after the enactment of the Codex and therefore called Novellae), and his law manual, the Institutiones Iustiniani, compiled together in the Corpus Iuris Civilis. (This title is itself only a sixteenth-century printers' invention.) Their work transformed the inherited ancient texts into a living tradition of Medieval Roman LawThe glossators conducted detailed text studies that resulted in collections of explanations. For their work they used a method of study unknown to the Romans themselves, insisting that contradictions in the legal material were only apparent. They tried to harmonize the sources in the conviction that for every legal question only one binding rule exists. Thus they approached these legal sources in a dialectical way, which is a characteristic of medieval scholasticism. They sometimes needed to invent new concepts not found in Roman law, such as half-proof (evidence short of full proof but of some force, such as a single witness). In other medieval disciplines, for example theology and philosophy, glosses were also made on the main authoritative texts.In the Greek language, "γλῶσσα" (glossa) means "tongue" or "language." Originally, the word was used to denote an explanation of an unfamiliar word, but its scope gradually expanded to the more general sense of "commentary". The glossators used to write in the margins of the old texts (glosa marginalis) or between the lines (glosa interlinearis - interlinear glosses). Later these were gathered into large collections, first copied as separate books, but also quickly written in the margins of the legal texts. The medieval copyists at Bologna developed a typical script to enhance the legibility of both the main text and the glosses. The typically Bolognese script is called the Littera Bononiensis.Accursius's Glossa ordinaria, the final standard redaction of these glosses, contains around 100,000 glosses. Accursius worked for decades on this task. There exists no critical edition of his glosses.The medieval lawyers also wrote glosses on the medieval texts of Canon law such as the Decretum Gratiani (around 1140), the Liber Extra of Gregory IX (1234), the Liber Sextus of Boniface VIII (1298) and later smaller collections of papal decretals, verdicts in letter form sent to papal delegates. The decrets of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, too, have received glosses.In the older historiography of the medieval learned law, the view developed that after the standard gloss had become fixed a generation of so-called commentators started to take over from the glossators. In fact, the early medieval legal scholars, too, wrote commentaries and lectures, but their main effort was indeed creating glosses.Most of the older glosses are accessible only in medieval manuscripts: modern editions of only a few manuscripts exist. The main microfilm collections of glossed legal manuscripts are at the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History in Frankfurt am Main, at the universities of Munich, Würzburg, Milan, Leyden and Berkeley.".
- Glossator thumbnail Decretals_glossa.jpg?width=300.
- Glossator wikiPageExternalLink glossator.org.
- Glossator wikiPageExternalLink Ak.
- Glossator wikiPageExternalLink www.kuttner-institute.jura.uni-muenchen.de.
- Glossator wikiPageExternalLink robbins.
- Glossator wikiPageExternalLink www.rg.mpg.de.
- Glossator wikiPageID "1392699".
- Glossator wikiPageLength "4891".
- Glossator wikiPageOutDegree "41".
- Glossator wikiPageRevisionID "682239348".
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Accursius.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Azo_of_Bologna.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Bernard_of_Botone.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Bologna.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Bulgarus.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Canon_law_(Catholic_Church).
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Category:Legal_history.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Category:Medieval_law.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Category:Roman_law.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Commentator_(historical).
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Corpus_Iuris_Civilis.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Corpus_Juris_Civilis.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Decretal.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Decretals.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Decretum_Gratiani.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Dialectic.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Four_Doctors_of_Bologna.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Fourth_Lateran_Council.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink France.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Franciscus_Accursius.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Franciscus_Accursius_(1225-1293).
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Gratian.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Greek_language.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Half-proof.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Irnerius.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Joannes_Bassianus.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Justinian_I.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Littera_Bononiensis.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Martinus_Gosia.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Medieval_Roman_Law.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Medieval_Roman_law.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Philosophy.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Placentinus.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Boniface_VIII.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Gregory_IX.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Postglossator.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Raymond_of_Penyafort.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Raymund_of_Peñafort.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Law.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Roman_law.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Scholasticism.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Tancred_of_Bologna.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink Theology.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink William_of_Tyre.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLink File:Decretals_glossa.jpg.
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLinkText "Glossator".
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLinkText "entries in the margins of books".
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLinkText "glossator".
- Glossator wikiPageWikiLinkText "glosses".
- Glossator hasPhotoCollection Glossator.
- Glossator wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Inline.
- Glossator wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Glossator subject Category:Legal_history.
- Glossator subject Category:Medieval_law.
- Glossator subject Category:Roman_law.
- Glossator type Article.
- Glossator type Article.
- Glossator type Field.
- Glossator comment "The scholars of the 11th and 12th century legal schools in Italy, France and Germany are identified as glossators in a specific sense. They studied Roman Law based on the Digestae, the Codex of Justinian, the Authenticae (an abridged Latin translation of selected constitutions of Justinian, promulgated in Greek after the enactment of the Codex and therefore called Novellae), and his law manual, the Institutiones Iustiniani, compiled together in the Corpus Iuris Civilis.".
- Glossator label "Glossator".
- Glossator sameAs Гласатор.
- Glossator sameAs Glossator.
- Glossator sameAs Γλωσσογράφος.
- Glossator sameAs Gloso_(leksikologio).
- Glossator sameAs Glosadores.
- Glossator sameAs Glossateurs_(histoire_du_droit).
- Glossator sameAs גלוסאטור.
- Glossator sameAs Glosatori.
- Glossator sameAs Glossa.
- Glossator sameAs 註釈学派.
- Glossator sameAs 주석_법학.
- Glossator sameAs Glossator.
- Glossator sameAs Glosatoriai.
- Glossator sameAs Glosatori.
- Glossator sameAs Glossator.
- Glossator sameAs Glosator.
- Glossator sameAs m.04yz_r.
- Glossator sameAs Глоссатор.
- Glossator sameAs Glossator.
- Glossator sameAs Q1144638.
- Glossator sameAs Q1144638.
- Glossator wasDerivedFrom Glossator?oldid=682239348.
- Glossator depiction Decretals_glossa.jpg.
- Glossator isPrimaryTopicOf Glossator.