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- Free_election,_1697 abstract "On June 17, 1696, King Jan III Sobieski died in his palace at Wilanow near Warsaw. This meant that another free election was necessary, as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was left without a monarch. One of the candidates for the Polish throne was Duke of Olawa (Lower Silesia) and son of the late king, James Louis Sobieski. He was initially supported by the Kingdom of France and the Swedish Empire. Also, among his followers were szlachta from Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, and Bishop of Kujawy, Stanisław Dąmbski. James Louis Sobieski, however, did not get along with his French-born mother, Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien. The mother and her son argued about properties of John III Sobieski, and as a result, James Louis lost the support of Polish nobility. Another candidate, Elector of Saxony Augustus II the Strong, was backed by influential and powerful Emperor Leopold I. To win support of Roman Catholic, conservative Poles, Augustus decided to convert from Lutheranism to Catholicism. The conversion took place in Vienna, on June 2, 1697, and this decision won for Frederick the support of Pope Innocent XII. Main opponent to the Saxon elector was Francois Louis, Prince of Conti, backed by King Louis XIV of France. His candidacy won support of several Polish and Lithuanian magnates, many of whom were bribed by French envoy, Melchior de Polignac. On October 24, 1696, Primate of Poland Michal Radziejowski, who had previously backed James Louis Sobieski, switched sides and declared his support of Francois Louis. Since Radziejowski at that time was the interrex, his decision attracted the nobility, which followed him.Nevertheless, key role in the oncoming election was played by the Tsardom of Russia, which was Polish ally in the ongoing war against the Ottoman Empire (see Great Turkish War). The Russians backed Augustus, who had previously declared that he would continue the war, and who had in 1695-1696 commanded Austrian - Saxon army in its Hungarian campaign. The election of Francois Louis meant quick end to the Polish - Ottoman war, and possibility of a Polish - Russian conflict. The Russians, well aware of this danger, sent large sums of money to the Commonwealth, trying to win the support of Polish - Lithuanian nobility. The election took place in Wola near Warsaw, on June 27, 1697. By popular support, Francois Louis, Prince of Conti was elected new King of the Commonwealth. This was immediately contested by Augustus the Strong, who declared himself the new monarch. Third candidate, James Louis Sobieski, expressed his support of Conti. On July 27, 1697, Augustus, backed by Russia, Austria and Brandenburg-Prussia, crossed Polish border near Czeladź in Lesser Poland. He marched towards Kraków, but was not allowed to enter the ancient capital, as the Starosta of Kraków, Franciszek Wielopolski, himself a supporter of Conti, did not let him into the city. The stalemate was quickly solved after Wielopolski had accepted a bribe, but soon another problem appeared. According to the Polish law, the coronation in Wawel Cathedral was to be carried out only with royal insignia, kept in Wawel Treasury. There were eight locks in the door to the Treasury, with eight keys. The keys were kept by eight Senators, out of which six supported Conti. Augustus II and his entourage decided to make a hole in the Treasury wall, leaving the door intact.On September 15, 1697, Augustus signed the Pacta Conventa, and was crowned new King of Poland, August II, by Bishop of Kujawy, Stanisław Dąmbski. Primate Radziejowski refused to recognize the coronation, stating that Conti was the rightful monarch. Radziejowski started the so-called Lowicz Rokosz, which gathered supporters of the Frenchman. Conti himself arrived at the Baltic Sea port of Gdańsk on September 26, 1697, with a squadron of six ships commanded by Jean Bart. Since Russia concentrated its army near Lithuanian border, a possibility of an international conflict was real. The situation was solved without foreign intervention, as on November 9, the attack of troops loyal to Augustus forced Conti to abandon his quarters in Oliwa, and to leave Poland. On December 12, 1697, Conti returned to France. Primate Radziejowski refused to recognize Augustus until spring of 1698, when he received a large sum of money, and was promised a government post.".
- Free_election,_1697 startDate "1697-06-27".
- Free_election,_1697 thumbnail Herb_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow.svg?width=300.
- Free_election,_1697 title "Polish-Lithuanian Free election, 1697".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageID "40981363".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageLength "7149".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageOutDegree "71".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageRevisionID "646477630".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Augustus_II_the_Strong.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_Sea.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Brandenburg-Prussia.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:1697_elections_in_Europe.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:1697_in_Poland.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:1697_in_politics.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Belarus_(1569–1795).
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Lithuania_(1569–1795).
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Poland_(1569–1795).
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Royal_elections_in_Poland.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sejm.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Czeladź.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Francois_Louis,_Prince_of_Conti.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink François_Louis,_Prince_of_Conti.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Gdańsk.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Golden_Liberty.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Great_Turkish_War.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Greater_Poland.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Henrician_Articles.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Poland_in_the_Early_Modern_era_(1569–1795).
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Interrex.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink James_Louis_Sobieski.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Jan_III_Sobieski.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Jean_Bart.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink John_III_Sobieski.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_France.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Kraków.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Kujawy.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Lesser_Poland.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Livio_Odescalchi.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Louis_XIV_of_France.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Lower_Silesia.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Lowicz.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Magnate.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Marie_Casimire_Louise_de_La_Grange_dArquien.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Melchior_de_Polignac.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Michal_Radziejowski.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Olawa.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Oliwa.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Ottoman_Empire.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Oława.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Pacta_Conventa.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Pacta_conventa.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Innocent_XII.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Rokosz.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Royal_elections_in_Poland.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Saxony.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Stanisław_Dąmbski.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Starosta.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Swedish_Empire.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Szlachta.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Tsardom_of_Russia.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Vienna.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Warsaw.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Wawel_Cathedral.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Wilanow.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Wilanów.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Wola.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink Łowicz.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Altomonte_Election_Diet_in_1697.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Conti.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Gascar_Jakub_Ludwik_Sobieski.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Jean-Pierre_Norblin_de_La_Gourdaine_001.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Joseph_Vivien_001.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Livio_Odescalchi_(1655-1713),_by_Jakob-Ferdinand_Voet.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLink File:Louis_de_Silvestre-August_II.jpg.
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Free election, 1697".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Polish election".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Royal election of 1697".
- Free_election,_1697 wikiPageWikiLinkText "elected in 1697".
- Free_election,_1697 afterElection Augustus_II_the_Strong.
- Free_election,_1697 beforeElection John_III_Sobieski.
- Free_election,_1697 candidate Augustus_II_the_Strong.
- Free_election,_1697 candidate François_Louis,_Prince_of_Conti.
- Free_election,_1697 candidate James_Louis_Sobieski.
- Free_election,_1697 candidate Livio_Odescalchi.
- Free_election,_1697 candidate Maximilian_II_Emanuel,_Elector_of_Bavaria.
- Free_election,_1697 colour "1491".
- Free_election,_1697 colour "2".
- Free_election,_1697 colour "8".
- Free_election,_1697 colour "FFA500".
- Free_election,_1697 colour "FFC251".
- Free_election,_1697 electionDate "1697-06-27".
- Free_election,_1697 electionName "Polish-Lithuanian Free election, 1697".
- Free_election,_1697 flagImage "Herb Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow.svg".
- Free_election,_1697 hasPhotoCollection Free_election,_1697.
- Free_election,_1697 image "160".