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• Fortifications_of_Bucharest abstract "The fortifications of Bucharest are a ring of 18 fortifications built in late 19th century that surround Bucharest, the capital of Romania.A report by the War Ministry led the celebrated Belgian military architect Henri Alexis Brialmont (who made several visits to Bucharest, meeting with King Carol in the process) to draft a plan for the city's fortifications, with construction beginning in 1884. The forts, about 4 km apart, cost 111.5 million gold lei (15 million were initially allocated), or three times the annual army budget. The forts took over two decades to build, and work was quite complex; the walls are two metres thick in places. All 18 were linked by a road and a railway, which today is DN100, Bucharest's ring road. 18 subterranean batteries were placed between the forts, and the fortification ring included some 240 pieces of artillery in all.Romania, which had recently won its independence from the Ottoman Empire, undertook this enormous effort in keeping with the prevailing military doctrine of the day, which said the capital city should be defended at all costs. In case of invasion, Bucharest was to be the point of retreat, but also the place where significant military operations would begin, spreading from the Danube to the Carpathians.At the beginning of the 20th century, chemical and aeronautical advances rendered the forts obsolete a short while after their completion. Explosives and aerial bombardment made classical fortifications useless in modern warfare. In 1914, the Battle of Liège, in which the German Army broke through fortifications also designed by Brialmont with greater ease than expected, alarmed the authorities in Bucharest. The forts' artillery pieces—all top-notch Krupp cannons—were quickly dismantled and transformed into mobile artillery. Indeed, by 1916, when the German Army was approaching Bucharest, the forts had already been abandoned, and the city was taken without too much difficulty.Today, the military has abandoned most of the forts. Stray dogs seek shelter in some of them; storage space and mushroom-growing facilities are other reported uses. During the Communist era, Fort 18 in Chiajna was used as a pickled goods market. However, the military still employs some of the forts, those to the southwest of the city in particular. They serve as firing ranges and munitions deposits, also housing army units; civilians are forbidden entry. The best-known fort is number 13, at Jilava—a military prison from 1907, a feared destination for political prisoners and place of execution during the Communist era, and now still a penitentiary.".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest thumbnail Fortul_13_Jilava.jpg?width=300.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageExternalLink Document_nr4_2008.pdf.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageID "18139850".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageLength "4500".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageOutDegree "21".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageRevisionID "663247483".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Liège.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Belgium.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Beltway.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Bucharest.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Carol_I_of_Romania.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Carpathian_Mountains.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Bucharest.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Ilfov_County.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Category:Forts_in_Romania.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Bucharest.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Chiajna.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Communist_Romania.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Danube.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Henri_Alexis_Brialmont.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Jilava.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Krupp.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Ottoman_Empire.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Pickling.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Ring_road.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Romania.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Romanian_leu.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink Socialist_Republic_of_Romania.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLink File:Fortul_13_Jilava.jpg.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLinkText "Fortifications of Bucharest".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLinkText "capital's defense system".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLinkText "defence of Bucharest".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLinkText "fortifications of Bucharest".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageWikiLinkText "fortifications surrounding Bucharest".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest hasPhotoCollection Fortifications_of_Bucharest.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord_missing.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Ro_icon.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest subject Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Bucharest.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest subject Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Ilfov_County.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest subject Category:Forts_in_Romania.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest subject Category:History_of_Bucharest.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest hypernym Ring.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest type AnatomicalStructure.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest type Article.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest type Article.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest type Fort.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest type History.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest comment "The fortifications of Bucharest are a ring of 18 fortifications built in late 19th century that surround Bucharest, the capital of Romania.A report by the War Ministry led the celebrated Belgian military architect Henri Alexis Brialmont (who made several visits to Bucharest, meeting with King Carol in the process) to draft a plan for the city's fortifications, with construction beginning in 1884.".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest label "Fortifications of Bucharest".
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest sameAs m.04crf1v.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest sameAs Sistemul_de_fortificații_al_Bucureștiului.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest sameAs Q5472636.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest sameAs Q5472636.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest wasDerivedFrom Fortifications_of_Bucharest?oldid=663247483.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest depiction Fortul_13_Jilava.jpg.
• Fortifications_of_Bucharest isPrimaryTopicOf Fortifications_of_Bucharest.