Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Field_electron_emission> ?p ?o }
- Field_electron_emission abstract "Field emission (FE) (also known as field electron emission and electron field emission) is emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field. The most common context is field emission from a solid surface into vacuum. However, field emission can take place from solid or liquid surfaces, into vacuum, air, a fluid, or any non-conducting or weakly conducting dielectric. The field-induced promotion of electrons from the valence to conduction band of semiconductors (the Zener effect) can also be regarded as a form of field emission. The terminology is historical because related phenomena of surface photoeffect, thermionic emission (or Richardson–Dushman effect) and "cold electronic emission", i.e. the emission of electrons in strong static (or quasi-static) electric fields, were discovered and studied independently from the 1880s to 1930s. When field emission is used without qualifiers it typically means "cold emission".Field emission in pure metals occurs in high electric fields: the gradients are typically higher than 1 gigavolt per metre and strongly dependent upon the work function. Electron sources based on field emission have a number of applications, but it is most commonly an undesirable primary source of vacuum breakdown and electrical discharge phenomena, which engineers work to prevent. Examples of applications for surface field emission include construction of bright electron sources for high-resolution electron microscopes or to discharge spacecraft from induced charges. Devices which eliminate induced charges are termed charge-neutralizers.Field emission was explained by quantum tunneling of electrons in the late 1920s. This was one of the triumphs of the nascent quantum mechanics. The theory of field emission from bulk metals was proposed by Ralph H. Fowler and Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim.A family of approximate equations, "Fowler–Nordheim equations", is named after them. Strictly, Fowler–Nordheim equations apply only to field emission from bulk metals and (with suitable modification) to other bulk crystalline solids, but they are often used – as a rough approximation – to describe field emission from other materials.In some respects, field electron emission is a paradigm example of what physicists mean by tunneling. Unfortunately, it is also a paradigm example of the intense mathematical difficulties that can arise. Simple solvable models of the tunneling barrier lead to equations (including the original 1928 Fowler–Nordheim-type equation) that get predictions of emission current density too low by a factor of 100 or more. If one inserts a more realistic barrier model into the simplest form of the Schrödinger equation, then an awkward mathematical problem arises over the resulting differential equation: it is known to be mathematically impossible in principle to solve this equation exactly in terms of the usual functions of mathematical physics, or in any simple way. To get even an approximate solution, it is necessary to use special approximate methods known in physics as "semi-classical" or "quasi-classical" methods. Worse, a mathematical error was made in the original application of these methods to field emission, and even the corrected theory that was put in place in the 1950s has been formally incomplete until very recently. A consequence of these (and other) difficulties has been a heritage of misunderstanding and disinformation that still persists in some current field emission research literature. This article tries to present a basic account of field emission "for the 21st century and beyond" that is free from these confusions.".
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageID "293392".
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageLength "118088".
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageOutDegree "201".
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageRevisionID "683574146".
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Adsorption.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_particle.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Angular_momentum.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Arnold_Sommerfeld.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Aspect_ratio.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_orbital.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Band_bending.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Band_structure.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Boltzmann_constant.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Boltzmanns_constant.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_nanotube.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_nanotubes.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Category:Electrical_engineering.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Category:Quantum_mechanics.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_vapor_deposition.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Cold_field_electron_emission.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Complex_affine_space.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Complex_space.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Conduction_band.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Constant-energy_surface.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Constant_energy_surface.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Crystal.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Crystalline.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Crystalline_solid.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Crystallinity.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Current_density.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Density_of_states.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Diamond-like_carbon.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Diamond_like_carbon.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Ecton_(physics).
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Ectons.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Edward_Condon.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electric_dipole.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electric_dipole_moment.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electric_field.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electrical_breakdown.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electrical_conductivity.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron-beam_lithography.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron_beam_lithography.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron_gun.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron_magnetic_moment.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron_microscope.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron_microscopes.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electron_spin.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electronic_band_structure.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Electrostatics.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Elementary_charge.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Emlyn_Rhoderick.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Energy.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Erwin_Wilhelm_Mueller.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Erwin_Wilhelm_Müller.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_Energy.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_energy.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Fermi_level.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Fermi–Dirac_statistics.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Field_electron_emission.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Field_emission_display.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Field_emission_microscope.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Field_emission_microscopy.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Field_emitter_array.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Field_ion_microscope.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Flat_panel_display.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Fowler–Nordheim-type_equations.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Fowler–Nordheim_tunneling.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Franz–Keldysh_effect.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Free_electron_model.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Full_width_at_half_maximum.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink General_Electric.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink General_Electric_Company.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Herbert_Kroemer.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Heterogeneous_catalysis.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Hypergeometric_differential_equation.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Hypergeometric_function.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Integrated_circuit.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink International_System_of_Quantities.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink J.J._Thomson.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink J._J._Thomson.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink J._Robert_Oppenheimer.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Julius_Edgar_Lilienfeld.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Kinetic_energy.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Lock-in_amplifier.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Lothar_Wolfgang_Nordheim.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Metal-semiconductor_junction.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Metal–semiconductor_junction.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Microwave.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Miller_index.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Molybdenum.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Numerical_integration.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Organic_electronics.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Photoelectric_effect.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Photoemission.
- Field_electron_emission wikiPageWikiLink Planck_constant.